This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Evaluation of EGR System Implementation in a GTDI Engine with Different Configurations: Assessment on Fouling and Corrosion Issues
Technical Paper
2016-01-1016
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
Spark ignition (SI) engines are increasing their popularity worldwide since compression ignition (CI) engines have been struggling to comply with new pollutant emission regulations. At the moment, downsizing is the main focus of research on SI engines, decreasing their displacement and using a turbocharging system to compensate this loss in engine size. Exhaust gas recirculation is becoming a popular strategy to address two main issues that arise in heavily downsized turbocharged engines at full load operation: knocking at low engines speeds and fuel enrichment at high engine speeds to protect the turbine. In this research work, a fuel consumption optimization for different operating conditions was performed to operate with a cooled EGR loop, with gasoline and E85. Thus, the benefits of exhaust gas recirculation are proven for a SI gasoline turbocharged direct injection engine. As for two of the main factors affecting durability of the EGR cooler, fouling and corrosion, different activities have been carried out. On one hand, the effect of fouling has been assessed with different tests by measuring performance over time. On the other hand, condensates have been collected in order to analyze aggressiveness of operation conditions for both fuels, adding also the impact of sulfur content with three different levels: EU standard, 2000 and 4000 ppm.
Recommended Content
Authors
Topic
Citation
Bravo, Y., Larrosa, C., Lujan, J., Climent, H. et al., "Evaluation of EGR System Implementation in a GTDI Engine with Different Configurations: Assessment on Fouling and Corrosion Issues," SAE Technical Paper 2016-01-1016, 2016, https://doi.org/10.4271/2016-01-1016.Also In
References
- LLumsden , G. , OudeNijeweme , D. , Fraser , N. , and Blaxill , H. Development of a Turbocharged Direct Injection Downsizing Demonstrator Engine SAE Int. J. Engines 2 1 1420 1432 2009 10.4271/2009-01-1503
- Fraser , N. , Blaxill , H. , Lumsden , G. , and Bassett , M. Challenges for Increased Efficiency through Gasoline Engine Downsizing SAE Int. J. Engines 2 1 991 1008 2009 10.4271/2009-01-1053
- Shahed , S. and Bauer , K. Parametric Studies of the Impact of Turbocharging on Gasoline Engine Downsizing SAE Int. J. Engines 2 1 1347 1358 2009 10.4271/2009-01-1472
- Coltman , D. , Turner , J. , Curtis , R. , Blake , D. et al. Project Sabre: A Close-Spaced Direct Injection 3-Cylinder Engine with Synergistic Technologies to Achieve Low CO2 Output SAE Int. J. Engines 1 1 129 146 2009 10.4271/2008-01-0138
- Vítek , O. , Macek , J. , Polášek , M. , Schmerbeck , S. et al. Comparison of Different EGR Solutions SAE Technical Paper 2008-01-0206 2008 10.4271/2008-01-0206
- Wei , H. , Zhu , T. , Shu , G. , Tan , L. et al. Gasoline Engine Exhaust Gas Recirculation - a Review Applied Energy 99 0 534 544 2012
- Alger , T. , Chauvet , T. , and Dimitrova , Z. Synergies between High EGR Operation and GDI Systems SAE Int. J. Engines 1 1 101 114 2009 10.4271/2008-01-0134
- Cairns , A. , Fraser , N. , and Blaxill , H. Pre Versus Post Compressor Supply of Cooled EGR for Full Load Fuel Economy in Turbocharged Gasoline Engines SAE Technical Paper 2008-01-0425 2008 10.4271/2008-01-0425
- KKaiser , M. , Krueger , U. , Harris , R. , and Cruff , L. “Doing More with Less” - The Fuel Economy Benefits of Cooled EGR on a Direct Injected Spark Ignited Boosted Engine SAE Technical Paper 2010-01-0589 2010 10.4271/2010-01-0589
- Bandel , W. , Fraidl , G. , Kapus , P. , Sikinger , H. et al. The Turbocharged GDI Engine: Boosted Synergies for High Fuel Economy Plus Ultra-low Emission SAE Technical Paper 2006-01-1266 2006 10.4271/2006-01-1266
- Potteau , S. , Lutz , P. , Leroux , S. , Moroz , S. et al. Cooled EGR for a Turbo SI Engine to Reduce Knocking and Fuel Consumption SAE Technical Paper 2007-01-3978 2007 10.4271/2007-01-3978
- Zhong , L. , Musial , M. , Reese , R. , and Black , G. EGR Systems Evaluation in Turbocharged Engines SAE Technical Paper 2013-01-0936 2013 10.4271/2013-01-0936
- Takaki , D. , Tsuchida , H. , Kobara , T. , Akagi , M. et al. Study of an EGR System for Downsizing Turbocharged Gasoline Engine to Improve Fuel Economy SAE Technical Paper 2014-01-1199 2014 10.4271/2014-01-1199
- Luján , J.M. , Climent , H. , Pla , B. , Rivas-Perea , M.E. et al. Exhaust Gas Recirculation Dispersion Analysis Using in-Cylinder Pressure Measurements in Automotive Diesel Engines Applied Thermal Engineering 89 459 468 2015
- Abd-Elhady , M.S. , Malayeri , M.R. , and Müller-Steinhagen , H. Fouling Problems in Exhaust Gas Recirculation Coolers in the Automotive Industry Heat Transfer Engineering 32 248 257 2011
- Bravo , Y. , Lujan , J. , and Tiseira , A. Characterization of EGR Cooler Response for a Range of Engine Conditions SAE Int. J. Engines 6 1 587 595 2013 10.4271/2013-01-1717
- Bravo , Y. , Moreno , F. , and Longo , O. Improved Characterization of Fouling in Cooled EGR Systems SAE Technical Paper 2007-01-1257 2007 10.4271/2007-01-1257
- Bravo , Y. , Lázaro , J. , and García-Bernad , J. Study of Fouling Phenomena on EGR Coolers due to Soot Deposits. Development of a Representative Test Method SAE Technical Paper 2005-01-1143 2005 10.4271/2005-01-1143
- Han T. , Booth A.C. , Song S. , Styles D.J. , Hoard J.W. Review and Conceptual Model of Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) Cooler Fouling Deposition and Removal Mechanism Procceding of Internal Conference on Heat Exchanger Fouling and Cleaning 2015
- ACEA Alliance, EMA, and JAMA. Worldwide Fuel Charter Fifth September 2013
- IFQC (International Fuel Quality Center) 2014 Global Sulfur Limits Hart Energy Research & Consulting January 2014
- Payri , F. , Lujan , J. , Climent , H. , and Pla , B. Effects of the Intake Charge Distribution in HSDI Engines SAE Technical Paper 2010-01-1119 2010 10.4271/2010-01-1119
- Small H. Ion Chromatography Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 1989 978-1-4899-2544-2
- Luján , J.M. , Climent , H. , Novella , R. , and Rivas-Perea , M.E. Influence of a Low Pressure Egr Loop on a Gasoline Turbocharged Direct Injection Engine Applied Thermal Engineering 89 432 443 2015
- Abdul-Khalek , I. , Kittelson , D. , and Brear , F. The Influence of Dilution Conditions on Diesel Exhaust Particle Size Distribution Measurements SAE Technical Paper 1999-01-1142 1999 10.4271/1999-01-1142
- Desantes , J.M. , Bermúdez , V. , Molina , S. , and Linares , W. Methodology for Measuring Exhaust Aerosol Size Distributions Using an Engine Test under Transient Operating Conditions Measurement Science and Technology 22 11 115101 2011
- Luján , J.M. , Climent , H. , Pla , B. , and Rivas-Perea , M.E. 1D Modelling Methodology Optimization for VVT Using EGR in a SI Gasoline Turbocharged Direct Injection Engine to Reduce Fuel Consumption SIA Congress 2015
- Fennell , D. , Herreros , J.M. , Tsolakis , A. , Xu , H. et al. GDI Engine Performance and Emissions with Reformed Exhaust Gas Recirculation (REGR) 2013-01-0537 2013 10.4271/2013-01-0537
- Tang , Q. , Liu , J. , Zhan , Z. , and Hu , T. Influences on Combustion Characteristics and Performances of EGR vs. Lean Burn in a Gasoline Engine SAE Technical Paper 2013-01-1125 2013 10.4271/2013-01-1125
- Cairns , A. , Blaxill , H. , and Irlam , G. Exhaust Gas Recirculation for Improved Part and Full Load Fuel Economy in a Turbocharged Gasoline Engine SAE Technical Paper 2006-01-0047 2006 10.4271/2006-01-0047
- Moxey , B. , Cairns , A. , and Zhao , H. A Study of Turbulent Flame Development with Ethanol Fuels in an Optical Spark Ignition Engine SAE Technical Paper 2014-01-2622 2014 10.4271/2014-01-2622
- Vuk , C. and Vander Griend , S. Fuel Property Effects on Particulates In Spark Ignition Engines SAE Technical Paper 2013-01-1124 2013 10.4271/2013-01-1124
- Storey , J. , Barone , T. , Thomas , J. , and Huff , S. Exhaust Particle Characterization for Lean and Stoichiometric DI Vehicles Operating on Ethanol-Gasoline Blends SAE Technical Paper 2012-01-0437 2012 10.4271/2012-01-0437
- Romero , E. 2014 Fundanción Repsol Private communication
- Monteiro Sales , L.C. , and Sodré , J.R. Cold Start Characteristics of an Ethanol-Fuelled Engine with Heated Intake Air and Fuel Applied Thermal Engineering 40 198 201 2012
- Boons , M. , Van Den Bulk , R. , and King , T. The Impact of E85 Use on Lubricant Performance SAE Technical Paper 2008-01-1763 2008 10.4271/2008-01-1763
- Hamilton , L. , Rostedt , M. , Caton , P. , and Cowart , J. Pre-Ignition Characteristics of Ethanol and E85 in a Spark Ignition Engine SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr. 1 1 145 154 2009 10.4271/2008-01-0321
- Stein , R. , House , C. , and Leone , T. Optimal Use of E85 in a Turbocharged Direct Injection Engine SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr. 2 1 670 682 2009 10.4271/2009-01-1490
- Zhai , H. , Frey , H.C. , Rouphail , N.M. , Gonçalves , G.A. et al. Comparison of Flexible Fuel Vehicle and Life-Cycle Fuel Consumption and Emissions of Selected Pollutants and Greenhouse Gases for Ethanol 85 Versus Gasoline J Air Waste Manag Assoc. 59 8 912 924 2009
- Olofsson , A. Investigation of Materials for Use in Exhaust Gas Condensate Environment with Focus on EGR Systems Master’s Thesis in Energy Engineering Umea University 2012
- Nett Technology Inc. Web Page
- Zervas , E. Formation of Organic Acids from Propane, Isooctane and Toluene/Isooctane Flames Fuel 84 6 691 700 2005