This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Testing and Modeling the Responses of Hybrid III Crash-Dummy Lower Extremity under High-speed Vertical Loading
Technical Paper
2015-22-0018
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
Anthropometric test devices (ATDs), such as the Hybrid III crash-test dummy, have been used to simulate lower-extremity responses to military personnel subjected to loading conditions from anti-vehicular (AV) landmine blasts. Numerical simulations [e.g., finite element (FE) analysis] of such high-speed vertical loading on ATD parts require accurate material parameters that are dependent on strain rate. This study presents a combined experimental and computational study to calibrate the rate-dependent properties of three materials on the lower extremities of the Hybrid III dummy. The three materials are heel-pad foam, foot skin, and lower-leg flesh, and each has properties that can affect simulation results of forces and moments transferred to the lower extremities. Specifically, the behavior of the heel-pad foam was directly calibrated through standard compression tests, and the properties of the foot skin and lower-leg flesh were calibrated based on an optimization procedure in which the material parameters were adjusted for best fit between the calculated force-deflection responses and least squares of the experimental data. The material models updated with strain-rate effects were then integrated into an ATD full-body FE model (FEM), which was used to simulate vertical impulsive loading responses at different speeds. Results of validations using this model demonstrated basic replication of experimentally obtained response patterns of the tibia. The bending moments matched those calculated from the experimental data 25 - 40% more accurately than those obtained from the original model, and axial forces were 60 - 90% more accurate. However, neither the original nor the modified models well captured whole-body response patterns, and further improvements are required. As a generalized approach, the optimization method presented in this paper can be applied to characterize material constants for a wide range of materials.
Recommended Content
| Technical Paper | A Multi-Objective Optimization and Robustness Assessment Framework for Passenger Airbag Shape Design |
| Technical Paper | Optimization and Minimization of Boundary Mannequins |
Authors
- Feng Zhu - Bioengineering Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 4
- Liqiang Dong - Bioengineering Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 4
- Xin Jin - Bioengineering Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 4
- Binhui Jiang - Bioengineering Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 4
- Anil Kalra - Bioengineering Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 4
- Ming Shen - Bioengineering Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 4
- King H. Yang - Bioengineering Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 4
Citation
Zhu, F., Dong, L., Jin, X., Jiang, B. et al., "Testing and Modeling the Responses of Hybrid III Crash-Dummy Lower Extremity under High-speed Vertical Loading," SAE Technical Paper 2015-22-0018, 2015, https://doi.org/10.4271/2015-22-0018.Also In
References
- Choi HY , Shin JY , Lee I , Ahn CN and Bae HI 2005 Finite element modeling of THOR-LX and its application ESV19 WashingtonD.C. September 2005
- Dong L , Zhu F. Jin X , Suresh M , Jiang B , Sevagan G , Cai Y , Li G and Yang KH Blast effect on the lower extremities and its mitigation: a computational study Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials 2013 28 111 124
- LS-DYNA Keyword User’s Manual 2007 LS-DYNA Keyword User’s Manual LSTC Co. Livermore, CA
- McKay B , Bir C 2009 Lower extremity injury criteria for evaluating military vehicle occupant injury in underbelly blast event Stapp Car Crash Journal 53
- Meyer EG , Sinnott MT , Haut RC , Jayaraman GS , Smith WE he Effect of Axial Load in the Tibia on the Response of the 90 degrees Flexed Knee to Blunt Impacts with a Deformable Interface Stapp Car Crash J 2004 Nov 48 53 70
- modeFRONTIER User manual 2008 ESTECO Trieste Italy
- Morris A , Thomas P , Taylor A and Wallace W 1997 Mechanisms of fracture in ankle and hindfoot injuries to front seat car occupants: an in-depth accident data analysis 41st Stapp Car Crash Conference Lake Buena Vista, Florida, USA: Society of Automotive Engineers, Warrendale, PA, USA, 973328 181 194
- Nilakantan G , Tabiei A 2009 Computational assessment of occupant injury caused by mine blasts underneath infantry vehicles International Journal of Vehicle Structures and Systems 1 50 58
- Pandelani T , Reinecke D and Beetge 2010 In pursuit of vehicle landmine occupant protection: evaluating the dynamic response characteristic of the military lower extremity leg (MiL-Lx) compared to the Hybrid III (HIII) lower leg Proceedings of CSIR 3rd Biennial Conference 2010
- Papalambros PY and Wilde D 2000 Principles of Optimal Design: Modeling and Computation Second Edition Cambridge University Press New York, NY
- Sherwood C , O'Neill B and Hurwitz S 1999 Lower extremity injury causation in frontal crashes IRCOBI Conference Sitges, Spain: IRCOBI 513 524
- Tabiei A and Nilakantan G 2009 Axial crushing of tubes as an energy dissipating mechanism for the reduction acceleration induced injury from mine blasts underneath infantry vehicles International Journal of Impact Engineering 36 729 735
- Test methodology for protection of vehicle occupants against anti-vehicular landmine effects NATO Technical Report, No. TR-HFM-090 2007
- Wang J. , Bird B. , Swinton B. et al. 2001 Protection of lower limbs against floor impact in Army vehicles experiencing landmine explosion Journal of Battlefield Technology
- Wood GW , Panzer MB , Bass CR and Myers BS 2010 Viscoelastic Properties of Hybrid Iii Head Skin SAE International Journal of Materials & Manufacturing 3 186 193
- Yoganandan N , Pintar F , Boynton M et al. 1996 Dynamic axial Tolerance of the Human Foot-Ankle Complex Society of Automotive Engineers 962426
- Yoganandan N , Schlick M , Arun MWJ , Pintar FA 2014 Military boot attenuates axial loading to the lower leg 51st Annual Rocky Mountain Bioengineering Symposium, RMBS 2014 and 51st International ISA Biomedical Sciences Instrumentation Symposium 2014 179 185
- Zhu F , Jin X , Guan F , Zhang L , Mao H , Yang KH and King AI 2010 Identifying the properties of ultra-soft materials using a new methodology of combined specimen-specific finite element model and optimization techniques Materials & Design 31 4704 4712
- Zhu F , Chou CC , Yang KH , Chen XM , Wagner DA , Bilkhu S and Luo A 2012a Calibrating material parameters to model the thin-walled components made of die cast AM60B magnesium alloy International Journal of Crashworthiness 17 5 540 552
- Zhu F , Chou CC , Yang KH , Chen XM , Wagner DA and Bilkhu S 2012b Application of AM60B magnesium alloy material model to structural component crush analysis International Journal of Vehicle Safety 6 2 178 190