This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
CFD and Boundary Layer Models with Laminar-Turbulent Transition around Airfoils and a Rough Cylinder: Results Validation
Technical Paper
2015-01-2163
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
The present paper presents a validation of momentum boundary-layer integral solution and finite-volume Reynolds-Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) results for skin friction around airfoils NACA 8H12 and MMB-V2 as well as heat transfer around an isothermal cylinder with rough surface. The objective is to propose a two-equation integral model and compare its predictions to results from a robust CFD tool, to experimental data and to results from a one-equation integral solution. The latter is the mathematical model used by classic 2D icing codes. All proposed model predictions are compared to CFD results for verification and, whenever possible, to experimental data for validation. The code-to-code verification brings reliability to both the proposed code and the CFD tool when there is no test data available. The present authors implemented a numerical code that solves a set of integral equations of laminar and turbulent momentum boundary layer that was not yet applied to icing or ice protection problems. Before implementing the proposed model into icing and thermal ice protection numerical codes, it is necessary to validate the momentum boundary layer and CFD results separately. The present authors propose the use of mathematical models and correlations for transition not yet applied to flows over rough or clean surfaces subjected to icing conditions. Traditionally, to simulate icing or anti-icing cases, the codes use one-equation models and consider an abrupt transition process, i.e., zero transition length not a transition region with a finite length. The proposed model assumes that a rough surface or laminar separation as well as natural - low turbulence level as in the atmosphere - or by-pass mechanisms - high turbulence level as inside icing tunnels - can trigger laminar-turbulent transition. The more accurate the predictions of transition onset and length, the more accurate the predicted heat and mass transfer will be, for future application in icing simulations. In addition, the pressure gradient and its variation are relevant at high angles of attack and for flow around thick or even ice contaminated airfoils. However, those pressure variation effects on velocity profile are also taken into account by the two-equation models proposed herein. Therefore, the present paper includes some effects not considered by the literature on icing in order to validate results against experimental data and to verify integral code predictions with regards to CFD tool results.
Authors
Citation
Fuzaro Rafael, C., Mendes Pio, D., and A. Lima da Silva, G., "CFD and Boundary Layer Models with Laminar-Turbulent Transition around Airfoils and a Rough Cylinder: Results Validation," SAE Technical Paper 2015-01-2163, 2015, https://doi.org/10.4271/2015-01-2163.Also In
References
- Silva , G. A. L. and Silvares O. M. and Zerbini , E. J. G. J Numerical Simulation of Airfoil Thermal Anti-ice Operation. Part 1: Mathematical Modeling Journal of Aircraft 44 2 2007 Mach April
- Silva , G.A.L. , Silvares , O.M. , Zerbini , E.J.G.J. , Hefazi , H. , Chen , H.H. and Kaups , K. Differential Boundary-Layer Analysis and Runback Water Flow Model Applied to Flow Around Airfoils with Thermal Anti-ice AIAA Aerospace Sciences and Meeting Reston American Insitute of Aeronautics and Astronautics 1 12 2009
- Silva , G. A. L. Transferência de Calor e Massa no Escoamento Bifásico em Torno de Aerofólios Equipados com Sistemas de Antigelo Aeronáuticos Ph.D. Dissertation Escola Politécnica da Universidade de São Paulo Dept., Mechanical Engineering São Paulo, SP 2009
- Stefanini , L. M. , Silvares , O. M. , Silva , G. A. L. , and Zerbini , E. J. G. J. 2010 Heat transfer on iced cylinders AIAA Paper AIAA-2010-7672, AIAA Atmospheric and Space Environments Conference 1 2010 Toronto America Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics
- Silva , G. A. L. , Silvares , O. M. , and Zerbini , E. J. G. J. Water Film Breakdown and Rivulets Formation Effects on Thermal Anti-ice Operation Simulation AIAA Paper 2006-3785, AIAA/ASME Joint Thermophysics and Heat Transfer Conference 9 2006 San Francisco America Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Reston June 2006
- Al-Khalil , K. M. , Horvath , C. , Miller , D. R. , and Wright , W. Validation of NASA thermal ice protection computer codes Part 3 - Validation of ANTICE National Aeronautics and Space Agency Cleveland, OH May 2001 18
- Silva , G. A. L. and Silvares O. M. and Zerbini , E. J. G. J Integral analysis of the convective heat transfer around ice protected airfoils Proceedings of CHT-08, ICHMT International Symposium on Advances in Computational Heat Transfer Marrakesh, Ankara International Centre of Heat and Mass Transfer, ICHMT 21 2008
- Silva , G. A. L. , Andrade , D. , Rafael , C.F. , Pio , D. M. Helicopter Blade NACA 8H12 Performance Prediction with Laminar-Turbulent Transition Effects: Integral Boundary-Layer and CFD Results compared with Experimental Data AIAA SciTech 2015 Orlando AIAA Paper 2015-1234
- Stefanini , L. M. , Silvares , O. M. , Silva , G. A. L. , and Zerbini , E. J. G. J. 2008 Boundary-Layers Integral Analysis - Airfoil Icing AIAA Paper AIAA-2008-474, 46th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit 2008 America Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics
- Makkonen , L. 1985 Heat transfer and icing of a rough cylinder Cold Regions Science and Technology 10 105 116
- Wright , W. B. User Manual for the Improved NASA Lewis Ice Accretion Code LEWICE 1.6 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Cleveland May 1995 95
- Guffond , D. and Brunet , L. Validation du programme bidimensionnel de capitation Oce National D'Etudes et deRecherches Aerospatiales Chatillon Cedex, France 1988
- Gent , R. TRAJICE2 - A Combined Water Droplet Trajectory and Ice Accretion Prediction Program For Aerofoils Royal Aerospace Establishment Farnborough 1990
- Domingos , R. H. , Pustelnik , M. , Trapp , L. G. , Silva , G. A. L. , Campo , W. , and Santos , L. C. C. \Development of an Silva, G. A. L., Silvares, O.M. and Zerbini, E. J. G. J., Boundary-Layers Integral Analysis - Heated Airfoil in Icing Conditions AIAA 2008-475, 46th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit Reston American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics 10 2008
- Langtry , R. B. , Menter , F. R. , Likki , S. R. , Suzen , Y. B. , Huang , P. G. and Volker , S. A Correlation-Based Transition Model Using Local Variables - Part I: Model Formulation Journal of Turbomachinery 128 July 2006 413 422
- Chakravarthy , S. , Peroomian , O. , Goldberg , U. , and Palaniswamy , S. The CFD++ Computational Fluid Dynamics Software Suite SAE Technical Paper 985564 1998 10.4271/985564
- Tobaldini Neto , L. , Pimenta , M.M. , Silva , G.A.L. Laminar-Turbulent Transition Modeling Strategies for Thermally Protected Airfoils Paper no. FEDSM2008-55284, ASME, American Socitey of Mechanical Engineers, pp. 9, 2008, ASME 2008 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting (FEDSM2008) Jacksonville 2008
- Halila , G. L. , Bigarella , E.D.V , Azevedo , J. L. F. A Numerical Study on Transitional Flows by Means of a Correlation-Based Transition Model AIAA SciTech 2015 Kissimme AIAA Paper 2015-1231
- Mateer GG , Monson DJ , Menter FR 1996 Skin-Friction Measurements and Calculations on a Lifting Airfoil AIAA Journal 34 2 231 235
- Haase , W. , Chaput , E. , Elsholz , E. , Leschziner , M. , and Mueller , U. R. ECARP- European Computational Aerodynamics Research Project: Validation of CFD Codes and Assessment of Turbulence Models Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics 58 1997
- Stivers , L. S. and Rice , F. J. Aerodynamic Characteristics of Four NACA Airfoil Sections Designed for Helicopter Rotor Blades NACA Report N° L5K02 February 1946
- Thwaites , B. Approximate calculation of the laminar boundary layer Aero. Quart. 10 245 79 1949
- Kays , W. M. , and Crawford , M. E. Convective Heat and Mass Transfer 3rd McGraw-Hill New York 1993
- Cebeci , T. , and Bradshaw , P. Physical and Computational Aspects of Convective Heat Transfer 2nd Horizons Publishing Long Beach 2005
- Walz , A. Boundary Layers of Flow and Temperature The M.I.T. Press Massachusetts 1969
- Head , M. R. Entrainment in the Turbulent Boundary Layers ARC R&M 3152 1958
- Cebeci , T. , and Cousteix , J. Modeling and Computation of Boundary-Layer Flows Springer-Verlag New York 1984
- Silva , G. A. L. and Silvares O. M. and Zerbini , E. J. G. J Airfoil anti-ice system modeling and simulation AIAA Paper 2003-734, 43rd Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit Reno, Reston American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics 2003
- Abu-Ghannam , B. J. and Shaw , R. Natural Transition of Boundary Layers - The Effects of Turbulence Pressure Gradient, and Flow History Journal Mechanical Engineering Science 22 5 1980 213 228
- Drela , M. MISES Implementation of Modified Bu-Ghannam/Shaw Transition Criterion MIT Aero-Astro July http://web.mit.edu/drela/Public/web/mises/ 14 December 2009
- Henze , C. , Bragg , M. , and Kim , H. Freestream Turbulence Measurements in Icing Conditions AIAA-1998-96, AIAA Reno January 1998
- Mayle , R. E. The Role of Laminar-Turbulent Transition in Gas Turbine Engines Journal of Turbomachinery 113 1991 509 537
- Stratford , B. S. Flow in the Laminar Boundary Layer near Separation Reports and Memoranda N° 3002 November 1954
- Reynolds , W. C. , Kays , W. M. and Kline , S. J. 1958b Heat transfer in the turbulent incompressible boundary layer. IV - Effect of location of transition and prediction of heat transfer in a known transition region Memorandum 12-4-58W NACA Washington, D.C
- Singer , B.A. Modeling the transition region NASA contractor report; NASA CR-4492 Washington, D.C. National Aeronautics and Space Administration 1993
- Dey J. On the Momentum Balance in Linear-Combination Models for the Transition Zone J. Turbomach. 122 3 587 588 1997 10.1115/1.1303704
- Goldberg , U. , Peroomian , O. , and Chakravarthy S. A Wall-Distance-Free k-e Model With Enhanced Near-wall Treatment ASME J. Fluids Engrg. 120 457 462 September 1998
- Drela , M. and Giles , M. B. Viscous-Inviscid Analysis of Transonic and Low Reynolds Number Airfoils AIAA Journal 25 10 1986 1347 1355
- Welty , J. R , Wicks , C. E. , Wilson , R. E. Fundamentals of Momentum, Heat and Mass Transfer 3 rd John Wiley and Sons New York 1984
- Achenbach , E. 1977 The effect of surface roughness on the heat transfer from a circular cylinder to the cross flow of air Int. J. Heat and Mass Transfer 20 359 69
- Wright , W. User's Manual for LEWICE Version 3.2 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Cleveland November 2008 498
- Cebeci , T. , Mosinkis , G.J. , and Smith , A.M.O. Calculation of Separation Points in Incompressible Turbulent Flows Journal of Aircraft 9 9 1972 618 624 10.2514/3.59049