This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Start-up and Steady-State Performance of a New Renewable Alcohol-To-Jet (ATJ) Fuel in Multiple Diesel Engines
Technical Paper
2015-01-0901
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
A new Alcohol To Jet (ATJ) fuel has been developed using a process which takes biomass feedstock to produce a branched butanol molecule. Further dehydration, reforming and hydro-treating produced principally a highly branched C12 iso-paraffin molecule. This ATJ fuel with a low cetane value (DCN = 18) was blended with Navy jet fuel (JP5) in various quantities and tested in order to determine how much ATJ could be blended before diesel engine operation became problematic (the US Navy and Marine Corps may use jet fuel in their diesel engines). Blends of 20%, 30% and 40% ATJ (by volume) were tested with jet fuel. The Derived Cetane Number (DCN) falls from 45 for the base JP5 to 38 with the 40% ATJ component blended in. Engine start performance was evaluated on two Yanmar engines and a Waukesha CFR diesel engine and showed that engine start times increased steadily with increasing ATJ content. Longer start times with increasing ATJ content were the result of some engine cycles with poor combustion leading to a slower rate of engine acceleration towards rated speed. A repeating sequence of alternating cycles which combust followed by a non-combustion cycle are common during engine run-up. ATJ has a significantly lower bulk modulus than JP5, and thus all three engines showed later Start Of Injection (SOI) timing with increasing ATJ content. Additionally, due to the lower DCN, the higher ATJ blends showed moderately longer Ignition Delay (IGD). Thus, the mid-combustion metric (CA50: 50% burn duration Crank Angle position) was retarded with increasing ATJ content, away from ideal combustion phasing. It was seen that the 70% JP5-30% ATJ blend with DCN = 40 was the highest concentration of ATJ tested without substantially increasing engine start times.
Recommended Content
Authors
Topic
Citation
Dickerson, T., McDaniel, A., Williams, S., Luning-Prak, D. et al., "Start-up and Steady-State Performance of a New Renewable Alcohol-To-Jet (ATJ) Fuel in Multiple Diesel Engines," SAE Technical Paper 2015-01-0901, 2015, https://doi.org/10.4271/2015-01-0901.Also In
References
- Caton , P. A. , Hamilton , L. J. , and Cowart , J. S. Understanding Ignition Delay Effects with Pure Component Fuels in a Single Cylinder Diesel Engine ASME Journal of Gas Turbines and Power 2010
- Mathes , A. , Ries , J. , Caton , P. , Cowart , J. et al. Binary Mixtures of Branched and Aromatic Pure Component Fuels as Surrogates for Future Diesel Fuels SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr. 3 2 794 809 2010 10.4271/2010-01-2188
- Carr , M.A. , Caton , P.A. , Hamilton , L.J. , Cowart , J.S. , Mehl , M. and Pitz , W.J. An Experimental and Modeling Based Study into the Ignition Delay Characteristics of Diesel Surrogate Binary Blend Fuels Proceedings of the ASME 2011 Internal Combustion Engine Fall Technical Conference (paper#ICEF2011-60027) Morgantown, WV October 2011
- Tat , M. E. , van Gerpen , J. H. 2003 Effect of Temperature and pressure on the speed of sound and isentropic bulk modulus of mixtures of biodiesel and diesel fuels JAOCS 80 1127 1130
- Hamilton , L.J. , Williams , S.A. , Kamin , R.A. , Carr , M.A. , Caton , P.A. and Cowart , J.S. Renewable Fuel Performance in a Legacy Military Diesel Engine Proceedings of the 2011 Energy Sustainability Conference Washington, DC August 2011
- Arment , T. , Cowart , J. , Caton , P. , and Hamilton , L. The Effect of Ceramic Thermal Barrier Combustion Chamber Coatings on the Performance and Efficiency of a Small Diesel Engine SAE Technical Paper 2010-32-0090 2010 10.4271/2010-32-0090
- Luning Prak , D. , Cowart , J. , Hamilton , L , Hoang , D. , Brown , K. and Truelove , P. Development of a Surrogate Mixture for Algal-based Hydro-treated Renewable Diesel Energy and Fuels 27 954 961 2013
- Gatowski , J. , Balles , E. , Chun , K. , Nelson , F. et al. Heat Release Analysis of Engine Pressure Data SAE Technical Paper 841359 1984 10.4271/841359
- Chun , K.M. and Heywood , J.B. 1987 Estimating Heat Release and Mass of Mixture Burned from SI Engine Pressure Data Combustion Science and Technology 54 133 143
- Cowart , J. , Hamilton , L. , Williams , S. , and McDaniel , A. Alternative Diesel Fuel Combustion Acceptance Criteria for New Fuels in Legacy Diesel Engines SAE Technical Paper 2013-01-1135 2013 10.4271/2013-01-1135