This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Rolling Resistance Effect of Tire Road Contact in Electric Vehicle Systems
Technical Paper
2015-01-0624
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
The increasing demand of energy use in transportation systems combined with the limited supply of fossil hydrocarbons to support conventional engines has led to a strong resurgence in interest for electric vehicles (EVs). Although EVs offer the possibility of decoupling the issue of energy source from the primary torque generator in an automobile, the current technology is yet to match the well-developed internal combustion (IC) systems, especially in terms of energy capacity and travel range. In this study, the influence of rolling-resistance on the energy efficiency and road holding of electric vehicles is investigated. Rolling resistance is taken in the context of energy loss (e.g. the mechanical energy converted into other sources of energy) for a unit distance traveled by the tire. Considering that the primary factors that affect rolling resistance are pavement features (e.g. texture, stiffness and profile) together with temperature, vehicle speed and tire inflation pressure, a comprehensive simulation study has been conducted utilizing a vehicle model representing chassis dynamics with a battery electric powertrain and a specified tire model to account for rolling-resistance effects. A series of simulations are performed on given urban and highway drive cycles which are determined based on the standard assumption that the vehicle has to be equipped with drive motors that have a combined power of 30 kW in order to overcome the road load during normal driving and based on the assumption that a specific motor output of approximately 1 kW/kg can be considered to be an appropriate guideline for generic electric motors. At the end, the results are analyzed for estimating the amount of energy that can be saved by reducing such losses and the extended travel range in comparison to available examples of similar results for commercial vehicles in public domain.
Recommended Content
| Technical Paper | Scenario Analysis of Hybrid Class 3-7 Heavy Vehicles |
| Technical Paper | Design and Simulation Models for a Brazilian Hybrid Delivery Truck |
Authors
Topic
Citation
Arat, M. and Bolarinwa, E., "Rolling Resistance Effect of Tire Road Contact in Electric Vehicle Systems," SAE Technical Paper 2015-01-0624, 2015, https://doi.org/10.4271/2015-01-0624.Also In
References
- Americas Michelin The Tyre - Rolling resistance and fuel savings 2003
- Pouget , S. et al. Viscous Energy Dissipation in Asphalt Pavement Structures and Implication for Vehicle Fuel Consumption Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 2012 24 5 568 576
- Yong , R.N. , Boonsinsuk P. , and Fattah E.A. Tyre load capacity and energy loss with respect to varying soil support stiffness Journal of Terramechanics 1980 17 3 131 147
- Williams , F. and Dudek T. Load-deflection hysteresis and its relationship to tire rolling resistance Rubber division symposia 1983 Akron, OH American Chemical Society, Rubber Division
- Luchini , J.R. , Peters J.M. , and Arthur R.H. Tire Rolling Loss Computation with the Finite Element Method Tire Science and Technology 1994 22 4 206 222
- Gall , R. , Tkacik P. , and Andrews M. On the Incorporation of Frictional Effects in the Tire/Ground Contact Area Tire Science and Technology 1993 21 1 2 22
- Park , H.C. et al. Analysis of Temperature Distribution in a Rolling Tire Due to Strain Energy Dissipation Tire Science and Technology 1997 25 3 214 228
- Ebbott , T.G. et al. Tire Temperature and Rolling Resistance Prediction with Finite Element Analysis Tire Science and Technology 1999 27 1 2 21
- Narasimha Rao , K.V. , Kumar R.K. , and Bohara P.C. A Sensitivity Analysis of Design Attributes and Operating Conditions on Tyre Operating Temperatures and Rolling Resistance Using Finite Element Analysis Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 2006 220 5 501 517
- SAE Rolling resistance measurement procedure for passenger car, light truck, and highway truck and bus tires 2006
- ISO Passenger car, truck and bus tyres-Methods of measuring rolling resistance-Single point test and correlation of measurement results 2009
- Evans , E.M. and Zemroch P.J. Measurement of the Aerodynamic and Rolling Resistances of Road Tanker Vehicles from Coast-Down Tests Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 1984 198 3 211 218
- Hammarström , U. , Karlsson R. , and Sörensen H. Road surface effects on rolling resistance-coastdown measurements with uncertainty analysis in focus. Deliverable D5 (a). The Swedish Road and Transport Research Institute 2009 Energy Conservation in Road Pavement Design, Maintenance and Utilisation Linkoping, Sweden
- Karlsson , R. et al. Road surface influence on rolling resistance: coastdown measurements for a car and an HGV 2011 Swedish Road Administration (VTI) Linkoping, Sweden
- Ivens , J. The Rolling Resistance of Some 13 Inch Tires and the Correlation Between Rig and Road SAE Technical Paper 870422 1987 10.4271/870422
- Hamabe , K. et al. An Estimation Of Aerodynamic Drag Coefficient Of A Passenger Car By Coast-Down Tests In Windy Environments JSAE Review 1985 16 114 120
- Djordjevic , M. , Jankovic A. , and Jeremic B. Rolling resistance as the risk factor for fuel consumption International Journal of Vehicle Systems Modelling and Testing 2009 4 3 185 200
- Buckley , F. ABCD - An Improved Coast Down Test and Analysis Method SAE Technical Paper 950626 1995 10.4271/950626
- Hunt , S.W. et al. Parameter measurement for heavy-vehicle fuel consumption modelling Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 2011 225 5 567 589
- (Al) Dunn , A. , Uhlenhake , G. , Guenther , D. , Heydinger , G. et al. Vehicle Coast Analysis: Typical SUV Characteristics SAE Int. J. Passeng. Cars - Mech. Syst. 1 1 526 535 2009 10.4271/2008-01-0598
- Pacejka , H.B. and Bakker E. The Magic Formula Tyre Model Vehicle System Dynamics 1992 21 S1 1 18
- Song , C. , Uchanski , M. , and Hedrick , J. Vehicle Speed Estimation Using Accelerometer and Wheel Speed Measurements SAE Technical Paper 2002-01-2229 2002 10.4271/2002-01-2229
- Müller , S. , Uchanski M. , and Hedrick K. Estimation of the Maximum Tire-Road Friction Coefficient Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 2004 125 4 607 617
- Rhyne , T.B. Development of a Vertical Stiffness Relationship for Belted Radial Tires Tire Science and Technology 2005 33 3 136 155
- Chan , C.C. The state of the art of electric and hybrid vehicles Proceedings of the IEEE 2002 90 2 247 275
- Schaltz , E. Electrical Vehicle Design and Modeling Electric Vehicles-Modelling and Simulations Soylu S. 2011 Aalborg University Denmark
- Liu , W. Introduction to hybrid vehicle system modeling and control 2013 John Wiley & Sons
- Fuel Economy of Motor vehicle Revisions to Improve Calculation of Fuel Economy Estimates 2006 US EPA
- Wong , J.Y. Theory of ground vehicles 2001 John Wiley & Sons
- Van Deusen , B. Analytical Techniques for Designing Riding Quality Into Automotive Vehicles SAE Technical Paper 670021 1967 10.4271/670021
- Staubel , J.B. Roadster efficiency and range 2008 www.teslamotors.com/blog/roadster-efficiency-and-range
- Nissan Motor Corporation website