This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Radiocarbon and Hydrocarbon Analysis of PM Sources During WHTC Tests on a Biodiesel-Fueled Engine
Technical Paper
2014-01-1243
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
PM in diesel exhaust has been given much attention due to its adverse effect on both climate and health. As the PM emission levels are tightened, the portion of particles originating from the lubrication oil is likely to increase. In this study, exhausts from a biodiesel-fueled Euro 5 engine were examined to determine how much of the carbonaceous particles that originated from the fuel and the lubrication oil, respectively. A combination of three methods was used to determine the PM origin: chain length analysis of the hydrocarbons, determination of organic and elemental carbon (OC and EC), and the concentration of 14C found in the exhausts. It was found that the standard method for measuring hydrocarbons in PM on a filter (chain length analysis) only accounted for 63 % of the OC, meaning that it did not account for all non-soot carbon in the exhausts. Comparing the chain length method to the 14C-based method showed that the non-extractable organic carbon originated both from the oil and fuel. Elemental carbon (EC), also known as soot, was found to originate mainly from the fuel. However, excessive amounts of oil in the engine cylinders increased the relative contribution from the oil as well as the absolute emissions of EC. This could either be due to the surplus oil forming soot, or to the soot particles being coated by oil and thereby less efficiently oxidized during the late cycle. The results demonstrate the importance of carefully regulating the amount of lubrication oil reaching the cylinder.
Recommended Content
Authors
Topic
Citation
Genberg, J., Tornehed, P., Andersson, O., and Stenstrom, K., "Radiocarbon and Hydrocarbon Analysis of PM Sources During WHTC Tests on a Biodiesel-Fueled Engine," SAE Technical Paper 2014-01-1243, 2014, https://doi.org/10.4271/2014-01-1243.Also In
References
- ACEA: Automobile production expanded by 5.3% in 2007 http://www.acea.be/index.php/news/news detail/automobile 2008
- Murray , C. , Lopez , A. The world health report 2002 Reducing risks, promoting healthy life World health organization Geneva 2002
- Ramanathan , V. , Carmichael , G. 2008 Global and regional climate changes due to black carbon Nature Geosci. 1 221 227
- Majewski , W.A. Diesel Particulate Matter, DieselNet Technology Guide http://www.dieselnet.com/tech/dpm.html 2012
- Tree , D. R. , Scvensson , K. I. 2007 Soot processes in compression ignition engines Progress in Energy and Combustion Science 33 272 309
- Pipho , M. , Ambs , J. , and Kittelson , D. In-Cylinder Measurements of Particulate Formation in an Indirect Injection Diesel Engine SAE Technical Paper 860024 1986 10.4271/860024
- Lepperhoff , G. 2001 Topics in Catalysis 16/17 249 254
- Pickett , L. and Siebers , D. Fuel Effects on Soot Processes of Fuel Jets at DI Diesel Conditions SAE Technical Paper 2003-01-3080 2003 10.4271/2003-01-3080
- Idicheria , C. and Pickett , L. Soot Formation in Diesel Combustion under High-EGR Conditions SAE Technical Paper 2005-01-3834 2005 10.4271/2005-01-3834
- Aronsson , U. , Chartier , C. , Andersson , Ö. , Egnell , R. et al. Analysis of the Correlation Between Engine-Out Particulates and Local Φ in the Lift-Off Region of a Heavy Duty Diesel Engine Using Raman Spectroscopy SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr. 2 1 645 660 2009 10.4271/2009-01-1357
- Brandenberger , S. , Mohr , M. , Grob , K. , Neukom , H. P. 2005 Contribution of unburned lubricating oil and diesel fuel to particulate emission from passenger cars Atmospheric Environment 39 6985 6994
- Mayer , W. , Lechman , D. , and Hilden , D. The Contribution of Engine Oil to Diesel Exhaust Particulate Emissions SAE Technical Paper 800256 1980 10.4271/800256
- Hilden , D. and Mayer , W. The Contribution of Engine Oil to Particulate Exhaust Emissions from Light-Duty, Diesel-Powered Vehicles SAE Technical Paper 841395 1984 10.4271/841395
- Buchholz , B. A. , Dibble , R. W. , Rich , D. , Cheng , A. S. e. 2003 Quantifying the contribution of lubrication oil carbon to particulate emissions from a diesel engine JSAE 1 6
- Cheng , Y. , He , K. B. , Duan , F. K. , Zheng , M. , Ma , Y. L. , Tan , J. H. 2009 Positive sampling artifact of carbonaceous aerosols and its influence on the thermal-optical split of OC/EC Atmos. Chem. Phys. 9 7243 7256
- Steven , H. Developement of a worldwide harmonised heavy-duty engine emissions test cycle United nations 2001
- IP442/99 Analysis of fuel- and oil-derived hydrocarbons in diesel particulates on filter - Gas chromatography method
- Birch , M. E. , Cary , R. A. 1996 Elemental carbon-based method for monitoring occupational exposures to particulate diesel exhaust Aerosol Sci. Technol. 25 221 241
- Reimer , P. J. , Brown , T. A. , Reimer , R. W. 2004 Discussion: Reporting and Calibration of Post-Bomb 14C Data Radiocarbon 46 1299 1304
- Levin , I. , Hammer , S. , Kromer , B. , Meinhardt , F. Radiocarbon observations in atmospheric CO2: Determining fossil fuel CO2 over Europe using Jungfraujoch observations as background Sci. Total Environ. 391 211 216
- Genberg , J. , Stenstr om , K. , Elfman , M. , Olsson , M. 2010 Development of Graphitization of g-Sized Samples at Lund University Radiocarbon 52 1270 1276
- Skog , G. , Rundgren , M. , Sk old , P. 2010 Status of the Single Stage AMS machine at Lund University after 4 years of operation Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B 268 895 897
- Janssen , N. A. H. , Hoek , G. , Simic-Lawson , M. , Fischer , P. , van Bree , L. , ten Brink , H. , Keuken , M. , Atkinson , R. W. , Anderson , H. R. , Brunekreef , B. , Cassee , F. R. 2011 Black Carbon as an Additional Indicator of the Adverse Health E ects of Airborne Particles Compared with PM10 and PM2:5 Environ Health Perspect 119
- Forster , P. , Ramaswamy V. , Artaxo P. , Berntsen T. , Betts R. , Fahey D.W. , Haywood J. , Lean J. , Lowe D.C. , Myhre G. , Nganga J. , Prinn R. , Raga G. , Schulz M. , Van Dorland R. Climate Change 2007:The Physical Science Basis Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Solomon S. , Qin D. , Manning M. , Chen Z. , Marquis M. , Averyt K. B. , Tignor M. , Miller H. L. IPCC, C. U. Press