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Greenhouse Gas Emissions of MY 2010 Advanced Heavy Duty Diesel Engine Measured Over a Cross-Continental Trip of USA
Technical Paper
2013-24-0170
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
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English
Abstract
The study was aimed at assessing in-use emissions of a USEPA 2010 emissions-compliant heavy-duty diesel vehicle powered by a model year (MY) 2011 engine using West Virginia University's Transportable Emissions Measurement System (TEMS). The TEMS houses full-scale CVS dilution tunnel and laboratory-grade emissions measurement systems, which are compliant with the Code of Federal Regulation (CFR), Title 40, Part 1065 [1] emissions measurement specifications. One of the specific objectives of the study, and the key topic of this paper, is the quantification of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (CO2, N2O and CH4) along with ammonia (NH3) and regulated emissions during real-world operation of a long-haul heavy-duty vehicle, equipped with a diesel particulate filter (DPF) and urea based selective catalytic reduction (SCR) aftertreatment system for PM and NOx reduction, respectively.
The TEMS was additionally outfitted with an MKS MultiGas® 2030-HS high-speed FTIR to quantify NH3 and N2O, along with other compounds of interest, at a frequency of 5 Hz. One of the salient features of the study is the continuous measurement of N2O and NH3 concentrations at high temporal resolution while driving across the US.
A Mack heavy-duty Class8 tractor, powered by a MY 2011, 12.8 liter diesel engine, equipped with a DOC-DPF and a urea-SCR NOx aftertreatment system was used to transport the TEMS, and ancillary measurement systems. The study was conducted over a total distance of 2,450 miles driven between Morgantown, WV and Riverside, CA, with a gross vehicle weight (GVW) of 67,000 lbs. The chosen route represented varying topography and driving conditions that included the Appalachian Mountains, flat regions of the mid-west, high altitudes of the Rocky Mountains and the busy highways of Southern California.
Results show the effect of road grade, ambient operating conditions, and on-board diagnostics (OBD) related to DPF and SCR aftertreatment systems on the GHG emissions and regulated constituents. Specifically, the results show the measured payload-distance specific CO2 emissions of a USEPA 2010 emissions-compliant Class 8 heavy-duty engine is higher than MY 2014 vehicle standards by 11% over the entire trip. The brake specific GHG emissions were lower than MY 2017 & later engine standards by a wide margin. However, the simulation tool (GEM) resulted in 13% higher CO2 emissions than measured over the entire trip. The brake specific NOx emissions were an order of magnitude higher when the engine was operating at altitudes greater than 5,500 ft.
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Authors
- Hemanth Kappanna - West Virginia Univ.
- Marc Besch - West Virginia Univ.
- Arvind Thiruvengadam - West Virginia Univ.
- Oscar Delgado - West Virginia Univ.
- Alessandro Cozzolini - West Virginia Univ.
- Daniel Carder - West Virginia Univ.
- Mridul Gautam - West Virginia Univ.
- Shaohua Hu - California Air Resources Board
- Tao Huai - California Air Resources Board
- Alberto Ayala - California Air Resources Board
- Adewale Oshinuga - South Coast Air Quality Mgmt District
- Randall Pasek - South Coast Air Quality Mgmt District
Topic
Citation
Kappanna, H., Besch, M., Thiruvengadam, A., Delgado, O. et al., "Greenhouse Gas Emissions of MY 2010 Advanced Heavy Duty Diesel Engine Measured Over a Cross-Continental Trip of USA," SAE Technical Paper 2013-24-0170, 2013, https://doi.org/10.4271/2013-24-0170.Also In
References
- Code of Federal Regulations, Title 40, Part 1065 - Engine Testing Procedures July 2011
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Department of Transportation, and National Highway Transportation Safety Agency Green house Gas Emissions Standards and Fuel Efficiency Standards for Medium - and Heavy-Duty Engines and Vehicles; Final Rule Sep. 2011
- Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Greenhouse Gases Overview http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/ghgemissions/gases.html August 31 2012
- US-EPA., NHTSA. Final Rulemaking to Establish Greenhouse Gas Emissions Standards and Fuel Efficiency Standards for Medium- and Heavy-Duty Engines and Vehicles Regulatory Impact Analysis August 2011
- US-EPA. Greenhouse Gas Emissions Model (GEM v1.0) User Guide EPA-420-B-10-039. Oct. 2010
- Technologies and Approaches to Reducing the Fuel Consumption of Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles The National Academies Press 2010
- Commercial Vehicle Size and Weight Program http://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/freight/sw/overview/index.htm July 31 2012
- Wu , Y. , Carder , D. , Atkinson , R. , Clark , N. , Gautam , M. , A CFR1065-Compliant Transportable/On-Road Low Emissions Measurement Laboratory with Dual Primary Full-Flow Dilution Tunnels ASME Conf. Proc., vol. 2009 399 410 01 01 2009
- Littera , D. , Besch , M. , Cozzolini , A. , Carder , D. et al. , Fresh and Aged SCRT Systems Retrofitted on a MY 1998 Class-8 Tractor: Investigation on In-use Emissions SAE Technical Paper 2011-24-0175 2011 10.4271/2011-24-0175
- Andrei , P. , Real World Heavy-Duty Vehicle Emissions Modeling M.S., Thesis, Department of Mechanical Engineering West Virginia University 2001
- Antonacci , G. , Todeschini , I. , and Cemin , A. , Influence of Road Gradient on Emissions Factors Proc. of 21st TFEIP Meeting, Milan 2008
- US Environmental Protection Agency Emission standards and supplemental requirements for 2007 and later model year diesel heavy-duty engines and vehicles CFR Title 40 18 2011