This content is not included in your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
A Source-Transfer-Receiver Approach to NVH Engineering of Hybrid/Electric Vehicles
Technical Paper
2012-36-0646
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
Vehicles with electrified powertrains are being introduced at an increasing pace. On the level of interior sound, one is often inclined to assume that NVH problems in EV have disappeared together with the combustion engine. Three observations demonstrate that this is not the case. First of all, only the dominant engine sound disappears, not the noise from tire, wind or auxiliaries, which consequently become increasingly audible due to the removal of the broadband engine masking sound. Secondly, new noise sources like tonal sounds from the electro-mechanical drive systems emerge and often have, despite their low overall noise levels, a high annoyance rating. Thirdly, the fact that engine/exhaust sounds are often used to contribute to the “character” of the vehicle leads to an open question how to realize an appealing brand sound with EV. Hybrid vehicles are furthermore characterized by mode-switching effects, with impact on both continuity feeling and sound consistency problems. Their acoustic design will henceforth remain a challenge, though with different targets, different electro-mechanical solutions and requiring new/alternative simulation and testing approaches. The paper addresses some of the major elements in this Electric/Hybrid NVH engineering process following a source-system-receiver approach. A detailed discussion of each of these steps is complemented with 4 case studies covering electric motor noise simulation, power electronics, lightweight body design impact and vehicle warning sound.
Recommended Content
| Technical Paper | Time Domain NV Simulation with A/T Assy Model by Modal Synthesis Method |
| Technical Paper | Acoustics of Hybrid Vehicles |
| Technical Paper | Multiphysics Multi-Objective Optimization for Electric Motor NVH |
Topic
Citation
Van der Auweraer, H. and Janssens, K., "A Source-Transfer-Receiver Approach to NVH Engineering of Hybrid/Electric Vehicles," SAE Technical Paper 2012-36-0646, 2012, https://doi.org/10.4271/2012-36-0646.Also In
References
- Eisele, G., Wolff, K., Wittler, M., Abtahi, R., Pischinger, S., “NVH of Hybrid Vehicles”, SIA Conf. on NVH of Hybrid and Electric Vehicles, Saint-Ouen, Paris, France, 4 Feb. 2010.
- Le Nindre, B., Guyader, G., “Electric Vehicle - Sound Quality: Customer Expectations and Fears - Crucial NVH Stakes”, SIA Conf. on NVH of Hybrid and Electric Vehicles, Saint-Ouen, Paris, France, 4 Feb. 2010.
- SIA International Congress on NVH of Hybrid and Electric Vehicles, Feb. 4, 2010, Saint-Ouen, France.
- Schirmacher, R., Martner, O., Sievi, A., “Active Sound Design: Concepts for Future Engine Sounds”, Styrian Noise, Vibration and Harshness Congress, Graz, Austria, Nov. 2006.
- Govindswamy, K., Wellmann, T., and Eisele, G., “Aspects of NVH Integration in Hybrid Vehicles,” SAE Int. J. Passeng. Cars - Mech. Syst. 2(1):1396-1405, 2009, doi: 10.4271/2009-01-2085.
- Lanfranchi, V., Lecuru, S., “Magnetic Noise from On-Board Electric Motor”, SIA Conf. on NVH of Hybrid and Electric Vehicles, Saint-Ouen, Paris, France, 4 Feb. 2010.
- Bézat, M-C., Richard, F., Roussarie, V., “Acoustics of Hybrid Vehicles and Emergences of Whining Noises”, SIA Conf. on NVH of Hybrid and Electric Vehicles, Saint-Ouen, Paris, France, 4 Feb. 2010.
- Gérard, F., “Integration of Powertrain into Electrical and Hybrid Vehicles: Comfort and NVH Issues”, SIA Conf. on NVH of Hybrid and Electric Vehicles, Saint-Ouen, Paris, France, 4 Feb. 2010.
- Franco-Jorge, M., “Sound Quality in Hybrid Vehicles”, IMech European Conference in Vehicle Noise and Vibration, June 2002.
- Sarrazin, M., Janssens, K., Van der Auweraer, H., “Virtual Car sound synthesis technique for brand sound design of hybrid and electric vehicles, SAE Paper 2012-36-0614, Proc. SAE NVH Brazil, Florianopolis, 25-27 Nov. 2012.
- Vecchio, A., Van der Auweraer, H., Janssens, K., Deblauwe, F., “Booming Noise Study on Hybrid Cars”, Internoise Conf. 2005, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Aug. 2005.
- Ishihama, M., “Automotive Noise and Vibration Technology in Near Future”, JSAE Review 25 (2004), p.43-49.
- Kuang, M., “An Investigation of Engine Start-Stop NVH in a Power Split Powertrain Hybrid Electric Vehicle”, SAE World Congress, Detroit, Michigan, US, April 2006, Paper Nr. 2006-01-1500.
- Kawabata, N., Komada, M., Yoshioka, T., “Noise and Vibration Reduction Technology in the Development of Hybrid Luxury Sedan with Series/parallel Hybrid System”, SAE Technical Paper 2007-01-2232.
- Colby, R.S., Mottier, F.M. and Miller, T.J.E., “Vibration Modes and Acoustic Noise in a Four-Phase Switched Reluctance Motor”, IEEE Trans. Industry Applications 32 (6), p.1357-1364, 1996.
- Van der Giet, M., Lange, E., Corrêa, D.A.P., Chabu, I.E., Nabeta, S.I. and Hameyer, K., “Acoustic Simulation of a Special Switched Reluctance Drive by means of a Field-Circuit Coupling and Multiphysics Simulation”, IEEE Trans. Industrial Electronics 57 (9), p.2946-2953, 2010.
- Verdyck, D., Belmans, R. and Geysen, W., “An Approach to Modelling of Magnetically Excited Forces in Electrical Machines”, IEEE Trans. Magnetics 29 (2), p.2032-2035, 1993.
- Roger, M., “On the noise from open rotors”, In Anthoine, J. and Hirschberg, A., editors, Advances in Aeroacoustics and Applications, volume LS 2004-05. von Karman Institute, Rhode-St-Genese, 2004.
- Schram, C., Beriot, H., Roger, M., Reese, H. and Carolus, T., “On the importance of near-filed terms in the assessment of acoustic installation effects for ducted low-Mach number fans”, 15th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference, AIAA Paper 2009-3334, 2009.
- Moreau, S. and Roger, M., “Competing broadband noise mechanisms in low speed axial fans,” AIAA J. 48(5), p. 48-57, 2007.
- Reese, H. and Carolus, T., “Axial fan noise: towards sound prediction based on numerical unsteady flow data - a case study”, Acoustics'08, Paris, June 29 - July 4, 2008.
- Christophe, J., Moreau, S. and Anthoine, J., “Trailing edge noise of a Controlled-Diffusion airfoil at Moderate and high angle of attack”, Fifteenth AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference, Miami, Florida, AIAA Paper 2009-3196, 2009.
- Miller, J., “Comparative Assessment of Hybrid Vehicle Power Split Transmissions”, Proceedings of the 2005 Fourth Vectronics Institute Winter Workshop Series, Warren, MI.
- Verheij, J., “Multipath Sound Transfer from Resiliently Mounted shipboard Machinery”, PhD Dissertation, Technische Physische Dienst TNO-TH, Delft, 1986.
- Freymann, R., Stryczek, R., “Noise path analysis and optimization”, Proc. Unikeller Conf. 95, Zurich, May 30-June 1, 1995.
- De Vis, D., Hendricx, W., van der Linden, P., “Development and Integration of an Advanced Unified Approach to Structure Bome Noise Analysis”, 2nd Int. Conference on Vehicle Comfort, ATA, 1992.
- van der Linden, P. and De Meester, K., “Airborne Source Strength Measurements on the Basis of Pressure Indicator Inversion applied to an Engine Valve Cover”, 4th ICSV, Conf., St-Petersburg, Russia, 1996.
- Mason, J. and Fahy, F., “Determination of the Contribution of Various Regions of Vibrating Body to the Sound Pressure at a Receiver point”, Proc. of the Institute of Acoustics, Vol. 12, Part 1, 1990, p 409-476.
- Janssens, K., Gajdatsy, P., Gielen, L., Mas, P., Britte, L., Desmet, W. and Van der Auweraer, H., “OPAX: a New Transfer Path Analysis Method using Parametric Load Models”, Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing (MSSP). Vol.25, No.4, May 2011.
- Gajdatsy, P., Gielen, L., Janssens, K., Van der Auweraer, H., Mas, P., Desmet, W., “A Novel TPA Method using Parametric Load Models: Validation on Experimental and Industrial Cases”, SAE Noise & Vibration Conference, May 19-21, 2009, St. Charles, Illinois, US.
- Beriot, H. and Tournour, M., “On the Locally-Conformal Perfectly Matched Layer Implementation for Helmholtz Equation”, Proc. NOVEM 2009 Conference, Oxford, UK, 2009.
- Schneider, S., “Application of fast methods for acoustic scattering and radiation problems”, J. Comp. Ac. 11, p. 387-401, 2003
- Fischer, M., “The Fast Multipole Boundary Element Method and its Application to Structure-Acoustic Field Interaction”, PhD. thesis, Stuttgart University, Stuttgart, Germany 2004.
- Desmet, W., “A Wave Based Prediction Technique for Coupled Vibro-Acoustic Analysis”, PhD. Thesis, Leuven 1998.
- Pluymers, B., Desmet, W., Vandepitte, D. and Sas, P., “Application of an Efficient Wave Based Prediction Technique for the Analysis of Vibro-Acoustic Radiation Problems”, Journal of Comp. and Appl. Math. 168, p.353-364, 2004.
- Aretz, M., Jauer, L. and Vorländer, M., “Sound Field Simulations in a Car Passenger Compartment using Combined Finite Element and Geometrical Acoustics Simulation Methods”, Aachen Acoustics Colloquium 2009, Aachen, Germany, 2010.
- Janssens, K., Vecchio, A., Van der Auweraer, H. (2008), Synthesis and sound quality evaluation of exterior and interior aircraft noise, Aerospace Science and Technology, 12/1, pp 114-124, DOI: 10.1016/j.ast.2007.10.002.
- Brandt, R., “Build Your Own Electric Vehicle”, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1994.
- Otto, N., Simpson, R., Wiederhold, J., “Electric Vehicle sound Quality”, SAE Noise and Vibration Conf. 1999.
- Meier, C., “NVH challenges of tomorrow's powertrains”, ISMA, Conf., Leuven, Belgium, Sept., 2008.
- Eisele, G., Genender, P., Wolff, K., Schuermann, G, “Electric Vehicle Sound Design - Just Wishful Thinking?”, AAC Conf., Aachen, Germany, November 22-24, 2010.
- Van der Auweraer, H., “Noise and Vibration Characteristics of Low-Emission Vehicles”, Keynote SIAT 2005, Symposium on International Automotive Technology, Pune, India, 19 - 22 Jan., 2005.
- Janssens, K., Vecchio, A., Mas, P., Van der Auweraer, H., Van de Ponseele, P., “Sound Quality Evaluation of Structural Design Modifications in a Virtual Car Sound Environment”, IOA Conference, Southampton, UK, 29-31 March, 2004.
- Van de Ponseele, P., Janssens, K., Adams, M., “Integration of Experimental Models in a Real-time Virtual Car Sound Environment. Sound Quality Symposium, Dearborn, Michigan, US, August 2002.
- Sarrazin, M., Janssens, K., Van der Auweraer, H., Desmet, W., Sas, P., “Virtual Car Sound Synthesis Approach for Hybrid and Electric Vehicles”, Proc. Euronoise 2012 Prague, 10-13 June 2012.
- Marques dos Santos, F.L., Anthonis, J., Van der Auweraer, H., “Multiphysics Thermal and NVH Modeling: Integrated Simulation of a Switched Reluctance Motor Drivetrain for an Electric Vehicle, Proc. 2012 IEEE International Electric Vehicle Conference, 4-8 March 2012, Greenville (CA, USA).
- Shaw, J., Kuriyama, Y., Lambriks, M., “Achieving a Lightweight and Steel-Intensive Body Structure for Alternative Powertrains,” SAE Paper 2011-01-0425, 2011, doi: 10.4271/2011-01-0425.
- Lambriks, M., Arenholz, E., Future Steel Vehicle: Reinventing Steel in Automobiles (Steel Technology Assessment and Design Optimization), Aachen Body Engineering Days, September 2010.
- Florentin, J., Durieux, F., Kuriyama, Y., Yamamoto, T., “Electric Motor Noise in a Lightweight Steel Vehicle”, SAE Paper 2011-01-1724, Proc. SAE NVH Conference 2011.
- Hanna, R., “Incidence of Pedestrian and Bicyclist Crashes by Hybrid Electric Passenger Vehicles”, NHTSA Technical Report DOT HS 811204, Sept. 2009.
- Goodes, P., Bai, Y. B., Meyer, E., “Investigation into the Detection of a Quiet Vehicle by the Blind Community and the Application of an External Noise Emitting System”, SAE Paper 2009-01-2189, Proc. SAE 2009 Noise and Vibration Conference and Exhibition, May 2009, St. Charles, IL (USA).
- Kamata, M., “Guideline on Measures against the Quietness of Hybrid Vehicles, etc.”, Informal document No. GRB-52-03, 52nd GRB, 6-8 September 2010.
- Tabata, T., Konet, H. and Kanuma, T., “Development of Nissan Approaching Vehicle Sound for Pedestrians”, the 25th World Battery, Electric and Fuel cell Electric Vehicle Symposium and Exhibition, Shenzen, China, Nov. 5-9, 2010.
- http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ihoXaHqpbpg
- Van der Auweraer, H., Sabbatini, D., Sana, E., Janssens, K., “Analysis of Electric Vehicle Noise in View of Vulnerable Road User Safety”, Proc. ICSV18, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 10-14 July 2011.