This content is not included in your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
A New Floating-Liner Test Rig Design to Investigate Factors Influencing Piston-Liner Friction
Technical Paper
2012-01-1328
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
The largest contribution to engine rubbing friction is made by the piston and piston rings running in the cylinder liner. The magnitude and characteristics of the friction behaviour and the influence on these of factors such as surface roughness, piston design and lubricant properties are of keen interest. Investigating presents experimental challenges, including potential problems of uncontrolled build-to-build variability when component changes are made. These are addressed in the design of a new motored piston and floating liner rig. The design constrains transverse movement of a single liner using cantilevered mounts at the top and bottom. The mounts and two high stiffness strain gauged load cells constrain vertical movement. The outputs of the load cells are processed to extract the force contribution associated with friction. The liner, piston and crankshaft parts were taken from a EuroV-compliant, HPCR diesel engine with a swept capacity of 550cc per cylinder. Cooling, lubrication and an air injection system for cylinder pressure regulation are described. Example results are presented.
Recommended Content
Authors
Citation
Law, T., MacMillan, D., Shayler, P., Kirk, G. et al., "A New Floating-Liner Test Rig Design to Investigate Factors Influencing Piston-Liner Friction," SAE Technical Paper 2012-01-1328, 2012, https://doi.org/10.4271/2012-01-1328.Also In
References
- Yun, J.-E. and Sung, K.-S. An Improved Approach to the Instantaneous IMEP Method for Piston-Ring Assembly Friction Force Measurement. JSME, Series II, Vol 35, No. 2, pp. 310-318, 1992.
- Carden, P., Bell, D., Priest, M., and Barrell, D., “Piston Assembly Friction Losses: Comparison of Measured and Predicted Data,” SAE Technical Paper 2006-01-0426, 2006, doi:10.4271/2006-01-0426.
- Mufti, R. A., and Priest, M. Experimental Evaluation of Piston-Assembly Friction Under Motored and Fired Conditions in a Gasoline Engine. ASME Trans., Vol. 127, pp826-836, 2005.
- Tischbein, H. W. The Friction of Piston Rings. NACA Technical Memorandum No. 1069, 1940.
- Forbes, J. E. and Taylor, E. S. A Method for Studying Piston Friction. NACA Advance Restricted Report, 1943.
- Leary, W. A. and Jovellanos, J. U. A Study of Piston and Ring Friction. NACA Advance Restricted Report No. 4J06, 1944.
- Livengood, J. C. and Wallour, C. A Study of Piston-Ring Friction. NACA Techincal Note 1249, 1947.
- Rogowski, A., “Method of Measuring the Instantaneous Friction of Piston Rings in a Firing Engine,” SAE Technical Paper 610263, 1961, doi: 10.4271/610263.
- Furuhama, S. and Takiguchi, M., “Measurement of Piston Frictional Force in Actual Operating Diesel Engine,” SAE Technical Paper 790855, 1979, doi: 10.4271/790855.
- Nakayama, K., Yasutake, Y., Takiguti, M., and Furuhama, S., “Effect of Piston Motion on Piston Skirt Friction of a Gasoline Engine,” SAE Technical Paper 970839, 1997, doi: 10.4271/970839.
- Urabe, M., Tomomatsu, T., Ishiki, K., Takiguchi, M. et al., “Variation of Piston Friction Force and Ring Lubricating Condition in a Diesel Engine with EGR,” SAE Technical Paper 982660, 1998, doi: 10.4271/982660.
- Teraguchi, S., Suzuki, W., Takiguchi, M., and Sato, D., “Effects of Lubricating Oil Supply on Reductions of Piston Slap Vibration and Piston Friction,” SAE Technical Paper 2001-01-0566, 2001, doi:10.4271/2001-01-0566.
- Kikuchi, T., Ito, S. and Nakayama, Y. Piston Friction Analysis Using a Direct-Injection Single-Cylinder Gasoline Engine. JSAE Review Vol. 24(1), pp53-58, 2003.
- Madden, D., Kim, K., and Takiguchi, M., “Part 1: Piston Friction and Noise Study of Three Different Piston Architectures for an Automotive Gasoline Engine,” SAE Technical Paper 2006-01-0427, 2006, doi:10.4271/2006-01-0427.
- Kim, K., Godward, T., Takiguchi, M., and Aoki, S., “Part 2: The Effects of Lubricating Oil Film Thickness Distribution on Gasoline Engine Piston Friction,” SAE Technical Paper 2007-01-1247, 2007, doi:10.4271/2007-01-1247.
- Kim, K., Shah, P., Takiguchi, M., and Aoki, S., “Part 3: A Study of Friction and Lubrication Behavior for Gasoline Piston Skirt Profile Concepts,” SAE Technical Paper 2009-01-0193, 2009, doi:10.4271/2009-01-0193.
- Wakuri, Y., Soejima, M., Kitahara, T., Nunotani, M. and Ootsubo, M. Studies on the Characteristics of Piston Ring Friction. JSAE Review, Vol. 13(2), pp48-53, 1992
- Wakuri, Y., Soejima, M., Ejima, Y., Hamatake, T. et al., “Studies on Friction Characteristics of Reciprocating Engines,” SAE Technical Paper 952471, 1995, doi: 10.4271/952471.
- Wakuri, Y., Soejima, M., Kitahara, T., Nunotani, M. and Kabe, Y. Characteristics of Piston Ring Friction (Influences of Lubricating Oil Properties). JSME International Journal, Series C, Vol. 38(3), pp593-600, 1995.
- Taylor, R. I. and Evans, P. G. In-situ Piston Measurements. Proceedings of the IMechE, Vol. 218, Part J: Engineering Tribology, pp185-200, 2004.
- Yun, J.-E. and Kim, S.-S. New Device for Piston-Ring Assembly Friction Measurement in IDI Diesel Engine. JSME International Journal, Series B, Vol. 36(4), pp723-729, 1993
- Ha, K.-P. Liner Mounting Structure for Measuring Piston Friction. United States Patent No. 6,487,999 B2, 2002.
- Ha, K., Kim, J., Cho, M., and Oh, D., “Development of Piston Friction Force Measurement System,” SAE Technical Paper 2002-01-2902, 2002, doi:10.4271/2002-01-2902.
- Apostolescu, N. and Chiriac, R., “A Study of Combustion of Hydrogen-Enriched Gasoline in a Spark Ignition Engine,” SAE Technical Paper 960603, 1996, doi: 10.4271/960603.
- Schwaderlapp, M., Koch, F. and Dohmen, J. Friction Reduction - the Engine's Mechanical Contribution to Saving Fuel. FISITA World Automotive Congress, June 12-15, Seoul, Korea. Paper F2000A165, 2000.
- Sherrington, I. and Smith, E. H. The Measurement of Piston-Ring Friction by the Floating Liner Method. Experimental Methods in Engine Research and Development, IMechE Seminar Publication, London, ISBN 0852986742, pp1-11, 1988.
- Cerrato, R., Gozzelino, R., and Ricci, R., “A Single Cylinder Engine for Crankshaft Bearings and Piston Friction Losses Measurement,” SAE Technical Paper 841295, 1984, doi: 10.4271/841295.
- Fuega, L. and Bury, C. Piston and Ring Mechanical Losses. VECON ‘84 Fuel Efficient Power Trains and Vehicles, IMechE. pp173-179, 1984
- Richez, M. F., Constans, B. and Winquist, K. Theoretical and Experimental Study of Ring-Liner Friction. 9th Leeds-Lyon Symposium on Tribology, pp122-131, 1982.
- Cho, S-W., Choi, S.-M. and Bae, C.-S. Frictional Modes of Barrel Shaped Piston Rings Under Flooded Lubrication. Tribology International, Vol. 33, pp545-551, 2000.
- Cho, S-W., Choi, S.-M. and Bae, C.-S. An Experimental Measurement of Lubrication Behaviour of Piston Rings in a Spark Ignition Engine. 2002. JSME International Journal, Series B, Vol. 45(2), pp373-378, 2002.
- Ting, L., “Development of a Reciprocating Test Rig for Tribological Studies of Piston Engine Moving Components - Part I: Rig Design and Piston Ring Friction Coefficients Measuring Method,” SAE Technical Paper 930685, 1993, doi: 10.4271/930685.
- Ting, L., “Development of a Reciprocating Test Rig for Tribological Studies of Piston Engine Moving Components - Part II: Measurements of Piston Ring Friction Coefficients and Rig Test Confirmation,” SAE Technical Paper 930686, 1993, doi: 10.4271/930686.
- O'Rourke, B., Stanglmaier, R., and Radford, D., “Development of a Floating-Liner Engine for Improving the Mechanical Efficiency of High Performance Engines,” SAE Technical Paper 2006-01-3636, 2006, doi:10.4271/2006-01-3636.
- O'Rourke, B., Radford, D. and Stanglmaier, R. Tri-Axial Force Measurements on the Cylinder of a Motored SI Engine Operated on Lubricants of Differing Viscosity. ASME Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, Vol. 132. Issue 9. 092807, 2010.
- Shayler, P. J., Leong, D. K. W., and Murphy, M. Friction Teardown Data from Motored Engine Tests in Light Duty Automotive Diesel Engines at Low Temperatures and Speeds. ASME Paper ICEF2003-0745, ICE-Vol 40, ISBN 0-7918-4161-8, ASME Fall Technical Conference, Erie, 2003.
- MacMillan, D., La Rocca, A., Shayler, P., Murphy, M. et al., “The Effect of Reducing Compression Ratio on the Work Output and Heat Release Characteristics of a DI Diesel under Cold Start Conditions,” SAE Int. J. Engines 1(1):794-803, 2009, doi:10.4271/2008-01-1306.
- Hohenberg, G., “Advanced Approaches for Heat Transfer Calculations,” SAE Technical Paper 790825, 1979, doi: 10.4271/790825.
- Harashina, K., Murata, K., Satoh, H., Shimizu, Y. et al., “A New Cylinder Cooling System Using Oil,” SAE Technical Paper 951796, 1995, doi: 10.4271/951796.
- Holman, J. P. Heat Transfer. McGraw Hill. 9th Edition, 2001.
- White, F. M. Fluid Mechanics. McGraw Hill. 6th Edition, 2006.