This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Impact of Auxiliary Loads on Fuel Economy and Emissions in Transit Bus Applications
Technical Paper
2012-01-1028
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
In this paper we present the results of full-scale chassis dynamometer testing of two hybrid transit bus configurations, parallel and series and, in addition, quantify the impact of air conditioning. We also study the impact of using an electrically controlled cooling fan. The main trend that is noted, and perhaps expected, is that a significant fuel penalty is encountered during operation with air conditioning, ranging from 17-27% for the four buses considered. The testing shows that the series hybrid architecture is more efficient than the parallel hybrid in improving fuel economy during urban, low speed stop and go transit bus applications. In addition, smart cooling systems, such as the electrically controlled cooling fan can show a fuel economy benefit especially during high AC (or other increased engine load) conditions. The series hybrid bus was equipped with an active Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF); the filter was found to be in active mode during the AC-on tests, which adversely impacted the fuel economy. The DPF operation prevented a direct comparison of the series and parallel hybrids with AC-on. Some interesting features of the active DPF were noted during operation; these included an increase in hydrocarbon emissions during active regeneration with the main hydrocarbon being methane. In contrast, unburned diesel fuel was the primary hydrocarbon constituent during standard operation (i.e., passive DPF or DOC).
Recommended Content
Authors
Citation
Muncrief, R., Cruz, M., Ng, H., and Harold, M., "Impact of Auxiliary Loads on Fuel Economy and Emissions in Transit Bus Applications," SAE Technical Paper 2012-01-1028, 2012, https://doi.org/10.4271/2012-01-1028.Also In
References
- Chandler, K. Walkowicz, K. King County Metro Transit Hybrid Articulated Buses: Final Evaluation Results NREL 2006
- Lindhjem, C. E. Shepard, S. Estimation and Effects of Vehicle Mix on On-Road Emissions Estimates Environ Interation Corporation 2005
- 2011 Public Transportation Fact Book American Public Transportation Association 2011
- Allison Transmission http://www.allisontransmission.com/commercial/transmissions/hybrid-bus/ 2011
- Badin, F. Jeanneret, B. Roumegoux, J.-P. Thomas, M. Energy Comparison Between Mechanical, Diesel-Electric and Hybrid Drives for Buses Using a Simulation Program The Science of the Total Environment 1996 189/190 125 130
- BAE Systems http://www.baesystems.com/ProductsServices/bae_prod_eis_hybridrive.html 2011
- Brezonick, M. Exploring the Potential of a “Mini-Hybrid” Transit Bus Diesel Progress North American Edition 2007 73 2 34 37
- Hybrid-Electric Drive Heavy-Duty Vehicle Testing Report Northeast Advanced Vehicle Consortium 2000
- Chandler, K. Walkowicz, K. NYCT Diesel Hybrid-Electric Buses: Final Results DOE/NREL 2002
- Bass, E. Alfermann, T. “The Influence of Idle, Drive Cycle and Accessories on the Fuel Economy of Urban Hybrid Electric Buses - Chassis Dynamometer Tests”,” SAE Technical Paper 2003-01-3438 2003
- Bhatia, D. Balakotaiah, V. Harold, M. P. McCabe, R. Experimental and Kinetic Study of NO Oxidation on Model Pt Catalysts Journal Of Catalysis 2009 266 106 119
- Carslaw, D. Beevers, S. Westmoreland, E. Williams, M. Tate, J. Murrells, T. Siedman, J. Grice, S. Kent, A. Tsagatakis, I. Trends in NOx and NO2 Emissions and Ambient Measurements in the UK 2011
- Foster, D. Kessles, J. T. B. A. Aneke, E. Rojer, C. Hybrid-Assisted DPF Regeneration in Distribution Trucks EVS24 International Battery, Hybrid and Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle Symposium Stavanger, Norway, Stavanger, Norway 2009