This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Optimal Scheduling and Delay Analysis for AFDX End-Systems
Technical Paper
2011-01-2751
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
The present work aims at the reduction of transmission delay at the level of AFDX ES (Avionics Full Duplex Switched Ethernet End-Systems). To this end, two approaches, namely Network Calculus and response time analysis (RTA), are employed in the computation of upper bound delay. To evaluate the delay regarding different scheduling policies, the arrival curve of the flow on output of ES is established for given traffic shaping algorithm and service mode. Computational analysis shows that Bandwidth Allocation Gap (BAG) based scheduling is the optimal policy at the level of AFDX ES, which leads to the tightest output arrival curve among all possible scheduling policies. BAG-based scheduling consists in assigning higher priority to virtual links with smaller BAG thus corresponding to the well known Rate-Monotonic Algorithm. Furthermore, schedulability criterion are established based on RTA. Additionally, delay bound computation indicates that response time analysis provides a tighter delay bound than that obtained by Network Calculus. Numerical simulations are carried out to confirm the validity, the applicability, and the performance of the proposed scheduling scheme.
Recommended Content
Journal Article | Audio/Video and Hard Real-Time Capability for Advanced IMA Architectures |
Technical Paper | Bearing Fault Diagnosis of the Gearbox Using Blind Source Separation |
Technical Paper | Drivetrain Modeling, Simulation, and Analysis Using VHDL-AMS |
Authors
Topic
Citation
Tawk, M., Liu, X., Jian, L., Zhu, G. et al., "Optimal Scheduling and Delay Analysis for AFDX End-Systems," SAE Technical Paper 2011-01-2751, 2011, https://doi.org/10.4271/2011-01-2751.Also In
References
- ARINC Aircraft Data Network Part 7: Avionics Full-Duplex Swithced Ethernet Network - ARINC Specification 664 P7-1 September 2009
- Kandlur, D. D. Shin, K. G. Ferrari, D. “Real-time communication in multihop networks,” IEEE Trans. on Parallel Distrib. Syst. 5 1044 1056 October 1994
- Zhang, L. “Virtual clock: a new traffic control algorithm for packet switching networks,” SIGCOMM Comput. Commun. Rev. 20 19 29 August 1990
- Parekh, A. K. Gallager, R. G. “A generalized processor sharing approach to flow control in integrated services networks: the single-node case,” IEEE/ACM Trans. Netw. 1 344 357 June 1993
- Kweon, S.-K. Shin, K. G. “Traffic-controlled rate monotonic priority scheduling of ATM cells,” Proc. of IEEE INFOCOM 2 Mar. 1996 655 662
- Andersson, B. Tovar, E. “The utilization bound of non-preemptive rate-monotonic scheduling in controller area networks is 25%,” IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Embedded Systems, SIES '09 2009 11 18
- Lee, T.-H. Chang, A.-B. “Admission control for atm networks using rate monotonic traffic scheduling algorithm,” IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference, GLOBECOM ’97 3 Phoenix, AZ, USA Nov. 1997 1355 1360
- Charara, H. Scharbarg, J.-L. Ermont, J. Fraboul, C. “Methods for bounding end-to-end delays on an AFDX network,” Proceedings of the 18th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems, ECRTS ’06 Washington, DC, USA 2006 193 202
- Bauer, H. Scharbarg, J.-L. Fraboul, C. “Applying and optimizing trajectory approach for performance evaluation of AFDX avionics network,” Proceedings of the 14th IEEE international conference on Emerging technologies & factory automation , ser. ETFA'09 Piscataway, NJ, USA IEEE Press 2009 690 697
- Boyer, M. Fraboul, C. “Tightening end to end delay upper bound for AFDX network calculus with rate latency FIFO servers using network calculus,” Proc. of the IEEE International Workshop on Factory Communication Systems , ser. WFCS’08 2008 11 20
- Cruz, R. L. “A calculus for network delay, part i: Network elements in isolation,” IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 37 1 114 131 1991
- Le Boudec, J.-Y. Thiran, P. Network Calculus: a Theory of Deterministic Queuing Systems for the Internet Berlin, Heidelberg Springer-Verlag 2004
- Georges, J.-P. Rondeau, E. Divoux, T. “Evaluation of switched ethernet in an industrial context by using the network calculus,” Proc. of 4th IEEE International Workshop on Factory Communication Systems 2002 19 26
- Loeser, J. Haertig, H. “Low-latency hard real-time communication over switched ethernet,” Proc. of 16th Euromicro on Real-Time Systems, 2004. ECRTS 2004 2004 13 22
- Echagüue, J. Cholvi, V. “Tight arrival curve at the output of a work-conserving blind multiplexing server,” Informatica 21 31 40 January 2010
- George, L. De Voluceau, D. “Preemptive and non-preemptive real-time uni-processor scheduling,” INRIA, Research Report RR-2966 1996
- Davis, R. I. Burns, A. Bril, R. J. Lukkien, J. J. “Controller area network (CAN) schedulability analysis: Refuted, revisited and revised,” Real-Time Syst. 35 239 272 April 2007
- Zhang, H. Ferrari, D. “Rate-controlled static-priority queueing,” INFOCOM 1993 227 236
- Buttazzo, G. Hard Real Time Computing Systems - Predictable Scheduling Algorithms and Applications 2nd NY Springer 2005
- Ji, X. Li, H. Li, J. Zhou, H. Hu, F. Liu, X. Zhu, G. “Analysis of deterministic end-to-end delay in multi-hop afdx avionics network system,” First Conference on Pervasive and embedded computing and communication Systems Vilamoura, Algarve, Portuga 5 7 March 2011
- Tindell, K. Burns, A. Wellings, A. “Calculating controller area network (can) message response times,” Control Engineering Practice 3 1163 1169 1995
- Lehoczky, J. P. “Fixed priority scheduling of periodic task sets with arbitrary deadlines,” IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium 1990 201 213
- Liu, C. L. Layland, J. W. “Scheduling algorithms for multiprogramming in a hard-real-time environment,” J. ACM 20 46 61 January 1973
- Kuo, T.-W. Mok, A. K. “Load adjustment in adaptive real-time systems,” Real-Time Systems Symposium Dec. 1991 160 170
- Bini, E. Buttazzo, G. C. “Rate monotonic analysis: the hyperbolic bound,” IEEE Trans. Computers 52 933 942 2003
- TRUETIME “http://www.control.lth.se/truetime/.”