This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Characterization of DPF Ash for Development of DPF Regeneration Control and Ash Cleaning Requirements
Technical Paper
2011-01-1248
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
The accumulation of ash in a Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) eventually results in an increase in the pressure drop across the exhaust system component. This situation translates into a reduced capacity for soot, and requires an increased frequency of active regenerations to eliminate this soot. For heavy duty diesel applications, the lifetime of the DPF is long enough to expect that cleaning of the ash from the DPF will be required. The physico-chemical characteristics of the ash as a function of temperature and time will have an impact on the effectiveness of this cleaning. To develop a deeper understanding of this subject, four different samples of ash were characterized in this study that were collected under active or passive regeneration from exhaust systems of engines running on different fuels: ultra low sulfur diesel (ULSD), and biodiesel fuels B20 and B100. The lubricant, an API CJ-4 oil, was used for each engine test. The formulation of engine lubricants along with the DPF regeneration and ash cleaning strategy may impact the size, chemistry, morphology, deposition and distribution of ash deposits in the DPF. Composition and morphology of ashes from active and passive regenerated DPF exhibited significant differences. The passive ash showed a greater change in morphology in response to heat treatment than the active ash. Additionally, significant phase changes (measured by XRD or thermal analysis) were observed in passive ash that was sintered after recovering from the DPF relative to actively regenerated ash. However, the actively regenerated ash exhibited only minor phase changes upon sintering. The main components of the ash were identified as calcium sulfate, and various zinc / magnesium / calcium phosphate phases; except for DPF ash engine test that was fueled with off-spec B100 which had lime, periclase and some sodium phosphate upon sintering (derived contaminants from direct combustion of the biodiesel fuel or from the biodiesel fuel dilution in the crankcase engine oil).
Recommended Content
Authors
Citation
Morcos, M., Ayyappan, P., and Harris, T., "Characterization of DPF Ash for Development of DPF Regeneration Control and Ash Cleaning Requirements," SAE Technical Paper 2011-01-1248, 2011, https://doi.org/10.4271/2011-01-1248.Also In
References
- U.S. EPA “Diesel Programs and Regulations June 2010 http://www.epa.gov/oms/hd-hwy.htm
- DieselNet “Emissions Standards.” June 2010 http://www.dieselnet.com/standards/
- Bodek, K. Wong, V. “The Effects of Sulfated Ash, Phosphorus and Sulfur on Diesel Aftertreatment Systems -A Review,” SAE Technical Paper 2007-01-1922 2007 10.4271/2007-01-1922
- Sappok, A. Wong, V. “Detailed Chemical and Physical Characterization of Ash Species in Diesel Exhaust Entering Aftertreatment Systems,” SAE Technical Paper 2007-01-0318 2007 10.4271/2007-01-0318
- Kimura, K. Lynskey, M. Corrigan, E. Hickman, D. et al. “Real World Study of Diesel Particulate Filter Ash Accumulation in Heavy-Duty Diesel Trucks,” SAE Technical Paper 2006-01-3257 2006 10.4271/2006-01-3257
- McGeehan, J. Yeh, S. Rutherford, J. Couch, M. et al. “Analysis of DPF Incombustible Materials from Volvo Trucks Using DPF-SCR-Urea With API CJ-4 and API CI-4 PLUS Oils,” SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr. 2 1 762 780 2009 10.4271/2009-01-1781
- Robie, R. A. Hemingway, B. S. “Thermodynamic Properties of Minerals and Related Substances at 298.15 and 1 bar (105 Pascals) Pressure and High Temperatures,” U. S. Geol. Surv. Bull. 2131 192 3 1995