This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Phased Array Beamforming Applied to Wind Tunnel And Fly-Over Tests
Technical Paper
2010-36-0514
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
An introduction is given of phased array beamforming techniques for locating acoustic sources. Starting from basic principles, the Conventional Beamforming technique is described. It is explained how this technique can be applied to wind tunnel measurements. Further, a number of advanced array processing techniques are discussed. One chapter is devoted to the array processing technique for the location of moving sources. This technique can be applied to rotating sources, for example on wind turbine blades, and to source location on aircraft flying over a microphone array.
Citation
Sijtsma, P., "Phased Array Beamforming Applied to Wind Tunnel And Fly-Over Tests," SAE Technical Paper 2010-36-0514, 2010, https://doi.org/10.4271/2010-36-0514.Also In
References
- Grosche, F.-R Stiewitt, H. Binder, B. “acoustic wind-tunnel measurements with a highly directional microphone” AIAA Journal 15 1590 1596 1977
- Schlinker, R.H. Airfoil trailing edge noise measurements with a directional microphone AIAA Paper 77-1269 1977
- Fisher, M.J. Bourne, M. Harper Source location in jet flows Technical report, Aeronautical Research Council Report 1974
- Billingsley, J. Kinns, R. The acoustic telescope Journal of Sound and Vibration 1976
- Holthusen, H.H. Smit, H. A new data acquisition system for microphone array measurements in wind tunnels AIAA Paper 2001-2169 2001
- Matsui, Y. Takano, Y. Horihata, K. Kaneko, R. Fujita, H. Analysis of sound source characteristics of shinkansen cars by means of x-shaped microphone array Internoise Liverpool, United Kingdom Jul. 1996
- Barsikow, B. Experiences with various configurations of microphone arrays used to locate sound sources on railway trains operated by the db ag Journal of Sound and Vibration 193 1 283 293 1996
- Barsikow, B. Helbig, J. Hellmig, M. Michel, U. Schüttpelz, M. Flyover noise measurements on landing aircraft with a microphone array AIAA Paper 98-2336 1998
- Piet, J.-F. Elias, G. Localization of acoustic source from a landing aircraft with a microphone array AIAA Paper 99-1811 1999
- Sijtsma, P. van der Wal, H.M.M. Identification of noise sources on civil aircraft in approach using a phased array of microphones Capabilities of Acoustics in Air-Ground and Maritime Reconnaissance, Target Classification and - Identification 26 28 NATO symposium 2004
- Barsikow, B. King, W.F. III On removing the doppler frequency shift from array measurements of railway noise Journal of Sound and Vibration 120 190 196 1988
- Howell, G.P. Bradley, A.J. McCormick, M.A. Brown, J.D. De-dopplerization and acoustic imaging of aircraft flyover noise measurements Journal of Sound and Vibration 105 1 151 167 1986
- Sijtsma, P. Oerlemans, S. Holthusen, H. Location of rotating sources by phased array measurements AIAA Paper 2001-2167 2001
- Johnson, D.H. Dudgeon, D.E. Array signal processing 1993 Prentice Hall
- Dougherty, R. P. Turbulent decorrelation of aeroacoustic phased arrays: Lessons from atmospheric science and astronomy AIAA Paper 2003-3200 2003
- Brooks, T.F. Humphreys, W.M. Jr. Effect of directional array size on the measurement of airframe noise components AIAA Paper 99-1958 1999
- Sijtsma, P. Holthusen, H.H. Source location by phased measurements in closed wind tunnel test sections AIAA Paper 99-1814 1999
- Brauer, C. Guidati, S. Wagner, S. The reflection canceller - phased array measurements in a reverberating environment AIAA Paper 2002-2462 2002
- Sijtsma, P. Holthusen, H.H. “corrections for mirror sources in phased array processing techniques” AIAA Paper 2003-3196 2003
- Blacodon, D. Elias, G. Level estimation of extended acoustic sources using a parametric method Journal of Aircraft 41 6 1360 1369 2004
- Brooks, T.F. Humphreys, W.M. A deconvolution approach for the mapping of acoustic sources (damas) determined from phased microphone arrays” Journal of Sound and Vibration 294 856 879 2006
- Burdisso, R. Ravetta, P. Ng, W. Noise source localization and optimization of phased array results (lore) AIAA Paper 2006-2713 2006
- Sijtsma, P. Clean based on spatial source coherence International Journal of Aero acoustics 6 357 374 18 December 2007
- Sijtsma, P. Stoker, R. Determination of absolute contributions of aircraft noise components using fly-over array measurements AIAA Paper 2004-2958 2004
- Böhning, P. Siller, H.A. Study of a de-convolution method for aircraft flyover measurements AIAA Paper 2007-3474 2007
- Teukolski, S.A. Vetterling, W.T. Press, W.H. Flannery, B.P. Numerical Recipes. Cambridge University 1994
- Lynn, P.A. Fuerst, W. Introductory Digital Signal Processing with Computer Applications. Wiley 1998
- Lighthill, M.J. Introduction to Fourier Analysis and Generalised Functions. Cambridge University 1978
- Harris, F.J. On the use of windows for harmonic analysis with the discrete fourier transform Proceedings of the IEEE 66 1 51 83 jan. 1978
- Liu, Y. Quayle, A. R. Dowling, A. P. Sijtsma, P. Beamforming correction for dipole measurement using two-dimensional microphone arrays The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 124 1 182 191 2008
- Amiet, R.K. Refraction of sound by a shear layer Journal of Sound and Vibration 58 2 467 482 1978
- Schulten, J.B.H.M. Computation of aircraft noise propagation through the atmospheric boundary layer Proceedings of the 5th International Congress on Sound and Vibration Adelaide, Australia 1997
- Mueller, T.J. Aeroacoustic Measurements Springer 2002
- Underbrink, J.R. Dougherty, R.P. Array design of non-intrusive measurement of noise sources Noise-Con 96 1996
- Sijtsma, P. Optimum arrangements in a planar microphone array CEAS-ASC Workshop: “Wind Tunnel Testing in Aeroacoustics” November 1997
- Abramowitz, M. Stegun, I.A. Handbook of Mathematical Functions. Dover 1970
- Piercy, J.E. Daigle, G.A. Embleton, T.F.W. Line-of-sight propagation through atmospheric turbulence near the ground Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 74 5 1505 1513 1983
- Tatarski, V.I. The effects of the turbulent atmosphere on wave propagation. Israel Program for Scientific Translations Jerusalem 1971
- Tatarski, V.I. Wave Propagation in a Turbulent Medium. Mcgraw-Hill 1996
- van der Wal, H.M.M. Sijtsma, P. Flap noise measurements in a closed wind tunnel with a phased array AIAA Paper 2001-2170 2001 2001
- Sarradj, E. A fast signal subspace approach for the determination of absolute levels from phased microphone array measurements Journal of Sound and Vibration 329 9 1553 1569 2010
- Dougherty, R.P. Source location with sparse acoustic arrays; interference cancellation First CEAS-ASC Workshop: Wind Tunnel Testing in Aeroacoustics, DNW 5 6 November 1997
- Högbom, J.A. Aperture synthesis with a non-regular distribution of interferometer baselines Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. 15 417 426 1974
- Howe, M.S. Acoustics of Fluid-Structure Interactions, Cambridge University Press Cambridge University Press 1998
- Dowling, A. P. Williams, J. E.F. Sound and Sources of Sound. Ellis Horwood Feb. 1983
- Treves, F. Basic Partial Differential Equations. Academic Press 1975
- Oerlemans, S. Sijtsma, P. Holthusen, H.H. Location of rotating sources by phased array measurements AIAA Paper 2001-2167 2001
- Schepers, J.G. Guidati, G. Oerlemans, S. Wagner, S. Experimental demonstration of wind turbine noise reduction through optimized airfoil shape and serrations Proceedings of the European Wind Energy Conference and Exhibition Copenhagen 2 6 July 2001