This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Heated Injector Cold Start System for Flex-Fuel Motorcycles
Technical Paper
2010-36-0156
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
Nowadays more than a million and half motorcycles are produced every year. In the metropolitan areas, the amount of pollutant gases emitted by the small motorcycles, begin to be significant. For this reason, the Brazilian government established emissions laws for motorcycles to be effective since 2003. Historically, the cost of ethanol fuel is almost half of the gasoline and therefore is the fuel of choice of the majority of drivers. Moreover the use of ethanol is far better than gasoline in terms of emission of greenhouse effect gases. In 2009, flex-fuel motorcycles began to be sold to the public. As they lack a proper cold start system, when using only hydrous ethanol fuel (E100) and the ambient temperature is lower than 15 degrees Celsius, the motorcycle is difficult to start and does not have a good driveability. As mitigation action, the maker's advice is to fill the tank with at least 20% gasoline. This poses an inconvenience to the driver and avoids the optimal fuel cost. In order to solve this, a heated injector cold start system is proposed to flex-fuel motorcycles. The heated injector is provided with a heater at its tip, which is used to heat the fuel before the engine is cranked and for some time while the intake valve reaches its operational temperature. On top of that, using heated fuel might reduce the emission of HC and CO; minimizing the cost of exhaust gas after-treatment. It is also important to reduce emissions of unburned ethanol to the atmosphere to minimize generation of troposphere ozone, which is a harmful gas to health. This paper will present this cold start system in detail, showing comparison data of engine performance, driveability and emissions.
Recommended Content
Authors
Citation
Colli, G., Castejon, D., Salvetti, A., and Volpato, O., "Heated Injector Cold Start System for Flex-Fuel Motorcycles," SAE Technical Paper 2010-36-0156, 2010, https://doi.org/10.4271/2010-36-0156.Also In
References
- Ministry of Mines and Energy “RESENHA ENERGÉTICA BRASILEIRA - Exercício de 2008 (Preliminary)” Ministry of Mines and Energy 2009 http://www.mme.gov.br/mme
- Abrantes de, Rui “Álcool não queimado - Procedimento de medição e sua influência na formação de ozônio” AEA SEMINÁRIO DE TECNOLOGIA E EMISSÕES NO ÂMBITO DO MERCOSUL 29 abril 2010
- Kabasin, D. Kazour, J. Fedor, B. Geiger, S. et al. “Emission Reduction with Heated Injectors,” SAE Int. J. Engines 3 1 982 995 2010 10.4271/2010-01-1265
- Kabasin, D. Hoyer, K. Kazour, J. Lamers, R. et al. “Heated Injectors for Ethanol Cold Starts,” SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr. 2 1 172 179 2009 10.4271/2009-01-0615
- http://www.abraciclo.com.br/images/stories/dados_setor/motocicletas/frota/frota_abril2010.pdf june 28th 2010
- FuelTable from US Department of Energy www.eere.energy.gov
- Heywood, J. “Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals” 1988 0-07-028637-X
- Emissions Legal Limits http://www.ibama.gov.br/qualidade-ambiental/proconve/ July 1st 2010
- Gordon, D. G. “Mechanism and Speed of Breakup of Drops” J. of Appl. Phys. 30 11 1759 1761 1959
- Lefebvre, A. H Atomization and Sprays Taylor & Francis 1989 27 73
- Su, T.F. et al. “Effects of Fuel Viscosity and Ambient Temperature on Spray Characteristics from Multi-Hole Nozzle Injectors” International Journal of Fluid Mechanics Research 1997 24 1-3 1064-2277
- Rocco Junior, José “Efeitos da poluição atmosférica na área do aeroporto internacional de São Paulo -Guarulhos sobre ensaio de bioindicadores vegetais” Tese de mestrado da Faculdade de Medicina. USP 2008
- Koeln, Justin P. et al “Bubble Behavior in Nucleate Boiling Experiment Aboard the Space Shuttle” NASA 2010