This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Coupling of a KERS Power Train and a Downsized 1.2TDI Diesel or a 1.6TDI-JI H 2 Engine for Improved Fuel Economies in a Compact Car
Technical Paper
2010-01-2228
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
Recovery of braking energy during driving cycles is the most effective option to improve fuel economy and reduce green house gas (GHG) emissions. Hybrid electric vehicles suffer the disadvantages of the four efficiency-reducing transformations in each regenerative braking cycle. Flywheel kinetic energy recovery systems (KERS) may boost this efficiency up to almost double values of about 70% avoiding all four of the efficiency-reducing transformations from one form of energy to another and keeping the vehicle's energy in the same form as when the vehicle starts braking when the vehicle is back up to speed. With reference to the baseline configuration with a 1.6 liters engine and no recovery of kinetic energy, introduction of KERS reduces the fuel usage to 3.16 liters per 100 km, corresponding to 82.4 g of CO₂ per km. The 1.6 liters Turbo Direct Injection (TDI) diesel engine without KERS uses 1.37 MJ per km of fuel energy, reducing with KERS to 1.13 MJ per km. Downsizing the engine to 1.2 liters as permitted by the torque assistance by KERS, the fuel consumption is further reduced to 3.04 liters per 100 km, corresponding to 79.2 g of CO₂ per km and 1.09 MJ per km of fuel energy. These CO₂ and fuel usage values are 11% and 13% better than those of today's highest fuel economy hybrid electric vehicle. The car equipped with a 1.6-liter Turbo Direct Injection Jet Ignition (TDI-JI) H₂ICE engine finally consumes 8.3 g per km of fuel, corresponding to only 0.99 MJ per km of fuel energy.
Recommended Content
Authors
Topic
Citation
Boretti, A., "Coupling of a KERS Power Train and a Downsized 1.2TDI Diesel or a 1.6TDI-JI H2 Engine for Improved Fuel Economies in a Compact Car," SAE Technical Paper 2010-01-2228, 2010, https://doi.org/10.4271/2010-01-2228.Also In
References
- White, C.M. Steeper, R.R. Lutz, A.E. “ The hydrogen-fueled internal combustion engine: a technical review ” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 31 10 August 2006 1292 1305
- Knop, Vincent Benkenida, Adlène Jay, Stéphane Colin, Olivier “ Modelling of combustion and nitrogen oxide formation in hydrogen-fuelled internal combustion engines within a 3D CFD code ” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 33 19 October 2008 5083 509
- Verhelst, S. Maesschalck, P. Rombaut, N. Sierens, R. “ Increasing the power output of hydrogen internal combustion engines by means of supercharging and exhaust gas recirculation ” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 34 10 May 2009 4406 4412
- Mohammadi, Ali Shioji, Masahiro Nakai, Yasuyuki Ishikura, Wataru Tabo, Eizo “ Performance and combustion characteristics of a direct injection SI hydrogen engine ” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 32 2 February 2007 296 304
- Boretti, Alberto A. Watson, Harry C. “ Enhanced combustion by jet ignition in a turbocharged cryogenic port fuel injected hydrogen engine ” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 34 5 March 2009 2511 2516
- Safari, H. Jazayeri, S.A. Ebrahimi, R. “ Potentials of NOx emission reduction methods in SI hydrogen engines: Simulation study ” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 34 2 January 2009 1015 1025
- D'Errico, Gianluca Onorati, Angelo Ellgas, Simon “ 1D thermo-fluid dynamic modelling of an S.I. single-cylinder H2 engine with cryogenic port injection ” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 33 20 October 2008 5829 5841
- Kawahara, Nobuyuki Tomita, Eiji “ Visualization of auto-ignition and pressure wave during knocking in a hydrogen spark-ignition engine ” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 34 7 April 2009 3156 3163
- Antunes, J.M. Gomes Mikalsen, R. Roskilly, A.P. “ An experimental study of a direct injection compression ignition hydrogen engine ” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 34 15 August 2009 6516 6522
- Nieminen, Jonathan D'Souza, Ninochka Dincer, Ibrahim “ Comparative combustion characteristics of gasoline and hydrogen fuelled ICEs ” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2 October 2009
- Boretti, A. A. Watson, H. C. “ The lean burn direct-injection jet-ignition turbocharged liquid phase LPG engine ” 15th Asia Pacific Automotive Engineering Conference (APAC-15) Hanoi, Vietnam October 2009
- Boretti, A. A. Watson, H. C. “ The lean burn direct-injection jet-ignition gas engine ” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 34 18 September 2009 7835 7841 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.07.022
- Boretti, A.A. Watson, H.C. “The Lean Burn Direct-Injection Jet-Ignition Flexi Gas Fuel LPG/CNG Engine,” SAE Technical Paper 2009-01-2790 2009 10.4271/2009-01-2790
- Boretti, A. A. Watson, H. C. Tempia, A. “ Computational analysis of the lean burn direct-injection jet-ignition hydrogen engine ” Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 224 2 2009 261 269 10.1243/09544070jauto1278 0954-4070 2041-2991
- Boretti, Alberto A. “ Modelling auto ignition of hydrogen in a jet ignition pre-chamber ” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2010 10.1016/j.ijhydene. 2010.01.114
- Boretti, Alberto A. “ Vehicle driving cycle performance of the spark-less DI-JI hydrogen engine ” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2010 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2010.02.136
- http://www.vcacarfueldata.org.uk July 21 2010
- Kasama, R. Naito, S. Katada, H. Shibata, T. “The Efficiency Improvement of Electric Vehicles By Regenerative Braking,” SAE Technical Paper 780291 1978 10.4271/780291
- Slutsky, S. Levi, E. “Regenerative Braking in Diesel-Powered Urban Buses,” SAE Technical Paper 841690 1984 10.4271/841690
- Wyczalek, F.A. Wang, T.C. “Regenerative Braking Concepts for Electric Vehicles-A Primer,” SAE Technical Paper 920648 1992 10.4271/920648
- Wyczalek, F.A. Wang, T.C. “Electric Vehicle Regenerative Braking,” SAE Technical Paper 929139 1992 10.4271/929139
- von Albrichsfeld, C. Karner, J. “Regenerative Brake System for Hybrid and Electric Vehicles,” SAE Technical Paper 2009-01-1217 2009 10.4271/2009-01-1217
- Sovran, G. Blaser, D. “Quantifying the Potential Impacts of Regenerative Braking on a Vehicle's Tractive-Fuel Consumption for the U.S., European, and Japanese Driving Schedules,” SAE Technical Paper 2006-01-0664 2006 10.4271/2006-01-0664
- Panagiotidis, M. Delagrammatikas, G. Assanis, D. “Development and Use of a Regenerative Braking Model for a Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle,” SAE Technical Paper 2000-01-0995 2000 10.4271/2000-01-0995
- Wittmer, C. Dietrich, P. Guzzella, L. Control Strategies for the ETH-Hybrid III Vehicle 1995 Proceedings First IFAC Workshop on Advances in Automotive Control
- Wittmer, C. Guzzella, L. Dietrich, P. Optimized Control Strategies for a Hybrid Car with a Heavy Flywheel 1996 Automatisierungstechnik 7 331 337
- Guzzella, L. Wittmer, Ch. Ender, M. Optimal Operation of Drivetrains with SI-Engines and Fly-Wheels 1996 Proceedings of the 13th IFAC World Congress
- Vroemen, B. Serrarens, A. Veldpaus, F. Hierarchical control of the Zero Inertia power train JSAE 22 4 2001
- Brockbank, C. “Application of a Variable Drive to Supercharger and Turbo Compounder Applications,” SAE Technical Paper 2009-01-1465 2009 10.4271/2009-01-1465
- Cross, D. Brockbank, C. “Mechanical Hybrid System Comprising a Flywheel and CVT for Motorsport and Mainstream Automotive Applications,” SAE Technical Paper 2009-01-1312 2009 10.4271/2009-01-1312
- Brockbank, C. Greenwood, C. “Fuel Economy Benefits of a Flywheel & CVT Based Mechanical Hybrid for City Bus and Commercial Vehicle Applications,” SAE Int. J. Commer. Veh. 2 2 115 122 2009 10.4271/2009-01-2868
- Boretti, Alberto “ Comparison of fuel economies of high efficiency diesel and hydrogen engines powering a compact car with a flywheel based kinetic energy recovery systems ” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2010 /10.1016/j.ijhydene.2010.05.031
- Diego-Ayala, U. Martinez-Gonzalez, P. McGlashan, N. Pullen, K. “ The mechanical hybrid vehicle: an investigation of a flywheel-based vehicular regenerative energy capture system ” Proc. IMechE Vol. 222 Part D: J. Automobile Engineering 2087 2101 2008 10.1243/09544070jauto677
- http://ricardo.com/Software/Products/WAVE/ July 21 2010
- http://www.lesoft.co.uk/indexl.html July 21 2010