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The Effects of Engine Thermal Conditions on Performance, Emissions and Fuel Consumption
Technical Paper
2010-01-0802
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
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English
Abstract
Engine thermal management systems (TMS) are gaining importance
in engine development and calibration to achieve low fuel
consumption and meet future emissions standards. To benefit from
their full potential, a thorough understanding of the effects on
engine behavior is necessary. Steady state tests were performed on
a 2.0L direct injection diesel engine at different load points. A
design of experiments (DoE) approach was used to conduct exhaust
gas recirculation (EGR) and injection timing swings at different
coolant temperatures.
The effect of the standard engine controller and calibration was
observed during these tests. The injection timing strategy included
a significant dependency on coolant temperature, retarding
injection by about 3° crank angle between coolant temperatures of
70°C and 86°C. In contrast, EGR strategy was essentially
independent of coolant temperature, though physical interactions
were present due in part to the EGR cooler.
Of the three mechanisms investigated, EGR had the largest effect
on Nitrous oxides (NOx) and fuel consumption and also
had the largest potential for NOx reduction over the
stable engine operating range. Despite this, a reduction in coolant
temperature from 86°C to 50°C reduced NOx by 4.5% at
high load condition. However, coolant temperature adjustments offer
similar or better trade-offs than the other calibration parameters.
For example, coolant temperature offers 10% improvement
NOx per percentage increase in fuel consumption,
compared to 4% for injection timing and 13% for EGR.
Higher coolant temperatures reduce ignition delay and premix
burn during combustion, but this effect is more pronounced at lower
engine loads. Analysis of mean effective pressures (MEP) showed
friction MEP (FMEP) and pumping MEP (PMEP) reduce with higher
operating temperatures, which yielded lower gross indicated MEP
(IMEP). FMEP was slightly higher at higher load, with a 1.5% to
5.4% increase depending on operating temperature. This increase was
expected to be due to the increased loading between parts within
the engine, but would be offset by potentially higher local oil
temperatures.
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Authors
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Citation
Burke, R. and Brace, C., "The Effects of Engine Thermal Conditions on Performance, Emissions and Fuel Consumption," SAE Technical Paper 2010-01-0802, 2010, https://doi.org/10.4271/2010-01-0802.Also In
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