This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Nano Particulate Matter Evolution in a CFR1065 Dilution Tunnel
Technical Paper
2009-01-2672
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
Dual primary full-flow dilution tunnels represent an integral part of a heavy-duty transportable emissions measurement laboratory designed and constructed to comply with US Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) 40 Part 1065 requirements. Few data exist to characterize the evolution of particulate matter (PM) in full scale dilution tunnels, particularly at very low PM mass levels. Size distributions of ultra-fine particles in diesel exhaust from a naturally aspirated, 2.4 liter, 40 kW ISUZU C240 diesel engine equipped with a diesel particulate filter (DPF) were studied in one set of standard primary and secondary dilution tunnels with varied dilution ratios. Particle size distribution data, during steady-state engine operation, were collected using a Cambustion DMS500 Fast Particulate Spectrometer. Measurements were made at four positions that spanned the tunnel cross section after the mixing orifice plate for the primary dilution tunnel and at the outlet of the secondary dilution tunnel. Gaseous emissions measurements were utilized as surrogate confirmation of adequate mixing at the various measurement locations. A computational fluid dynamic (CFD) model was employed to predict primary tunnel mixing and to determine the locations of primary tunnel sampling ports. These predicted gaseous emissions concentration levels were compared with measured levels to verify the CFD model. Results indicated varying size distributions across the tunnel cross sections where the flow was still developing. Homogenous particle size distributions were observed across the sections at locations where the primary flow was fully mixed. However, the profile of particle size distributions continued to evolve, due to residence time, even for fully mixed primary flow conditions. Variability of size distributions at the end of the secondary dilution tunnel was also observed with varied secondary dilution ratios. The effects of dilution ratios, dilution speeds, and residence time on diesel particulate matter (DPM) particle size distributions and particle mass concentration levels were analyzed and discussed.
Recommended Content
Journal Article | Development of the Diesel Exhaust Filtration Analysis System (DEFA) |
Technical Paper | Trapping Performance of Diesel Particulate Filters |
Technical Paper | Diesel Exhaust Treatment - New Approaches to Ultra Low Emission Diesel Vehicles |
Authors
Topic
Citation
Wu, Y., Clark, N., Carder, D., and Shade, B., "Nano Particulate Matter Evolution in a CFR1065 Dilution Tunnel," SAE Technical Paper 2009-01-2672, 2009, https://doi.org/10.4271/2009-01-2672.Also In
References
- NIOSH, “Carcinogenic Effects of Exposure to Diesel Exhaust,” NIOSH Current Intelligence Bulletin 50. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 88-116 Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA
- CARB/OEHHA, “Proposed Identification Of Diesel Exhaust As A Toxic Air Contaminant, as approved by the Scientific Review Panel on April 22, 1998 and Part B: Health Risk Assessment for Diesel Exhaust,” 1998
- CARB/OEHHA, “Proposed Identification Of Diesel Exhaust As A Toxic Air Contaminant: Initial Statement of Reasns for Rulemaking,” 1998
- Lloyd, A.C. Cackette, T.A. “Diesel engines: Environmental impact and control,” J. Air Waste Management Assoc 2001 51 809 847
- Johnson, P. Graham J. “Fine Particulate Matter National Ambient Air Quality Standards: Public Health Impact on Populations in the Northeastern United States,” Environmental Health Perspectives 2005 113 9
- Code of Federal Regulations, Title 40, Part 86, Subpart N, 2009.
- Lloyd, A.C. Cackette, T.A. “Diesel engines: Environmental impact and control,” J. Air Waste Management Assoc 2001 51
- GRPE-48-11 (Informal document No.), “Conclusions on Improving Particulate Mass Measurement Procedures and New Particle Number Measurement Procedures Relative to The Requirements of The 05 Series of Amendments to Regulation No. 83,Transmitted by The Chairman of the Particle Measurement Programme Group in conjunction with the experts from Germany, Sweden, Switzerland and the UK (2004)”.
- Bememyr, H. Ångström, H.E. “Number Measurements of Diesel Exhaust Particles -Influence of Dilution and Fuel Sulphur Content” SAE 2007-01-0064
- Hali, D. Thorme, C Goodier, S. “An Investigation Into the Effect of a Diesel/Water Emulsion on the Size and Number Distribution of the Particulate Emissions from a Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine” SAE 2003-01-3168
- Venkata, R.L. Hasan M. Johnson, J. “The Effect of a Diesel Oxidation Catalyst and a Catalyzed Particulate Filter on Particle Size Distribution from a Heavy Duty Diesel Engine” SAE 2006-01-0877
- Anderson, W.C. “Research Needs Related to Improving Air Emissions From Diesel Engines, Gas Turbines, And Ordnance,” American Academy of Environmental Engineers 1998
- Vogt, R. Scheer, V. “Nanoparticle formation in diesel vehicle exhaust: A comparison of laboratory and chasing experiments," Presented at the 5 International Workshop on Nanoparticle Measurements, Zurich 2001
- Hasegawa, S. Hirabayashi, M. Kobayashi, S. Moriguchi, Y. Konda, Y. Tanabe, K. Wakamatsu S. “Size Distribution and Characterization of Ultrafine Particle in roadside Atmosphere,” Journal of Environmental Science and health, Part A - Toxic/Hazardous Substances & Environmental Engineering, 2004 39 10 2671 2690
- Kittelson, D. Johnson, J. Watts, W. Wei, Q. Drayton, M. Paulsen, D. Bukowiecki, N. “Diesel aerosol sampling in the atmosphere” SAE 2000-01-2212
- Bugarski, A.D. “Characterization of Particulate Matter and Hydrocarbon Emissions from In-Use Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines", Doctoral Dissertation, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 1999
- Collings, N. Reavell, K.S. Hands, T. “A Fast Response Particulate Spectrometer for Combustion Aerosols,” SAE Paper 2002-01-2714
- Reavell, K.S. Hands, T. Collings, N. “Determination of Real Time Particulate Size Spectra and Emission Parameters with a Differential Mobility Spectrometer,” 6 th International ETH- 19 Conference on Nanoparticle Measurement, Zurich, Switzerland, August 2002
- Collings, N. Reavell, K.S. Hands, T. Tate, J. “Roadside Aerosol Measurements with a Fast Particulate Spectrometer,” JSAE Paper 20035407
- Kittelson, D. Hands, T. Nickolaus, C Collings, N. Niemela, V. Twigg, M.T. “Mass Correlation of Engine Emissions with Spectral Instruments,” 10 th Diesel Engine Emissions Reduction (DEER) Workshop August 29-September 2, Coronado, CA 2004
- Clark, N. Tatli, E. Barnett, N. Wayne, W.S. McKain, D.L. “Characterization and Abatement of Diesel Crankcase Emissions” SAE 2006-01-3372
- Wu, Y. Carder, D. Shade, B. Atkinson, R. Clark, N. Gautam, M. “A CFR1065-Compliant Transportable/On-Road Low Emissions Measurement Laboratory with Dual Primary Full-Flow Dilution Tunnels,” Proceedings of ASME Internal Combustion Engine Division 2009 Spring Technical Conference, ICES2009-76090, 2009
- Khalek, I. Kittelson, D. Brear, F. “Influence of Dilution Conditions on Diesel Exhaust Particle Size Distribution Measurements,” SAE 1999-01-1142
- Khalek, I. Kittelson, D. Brear, F. “Nanoparticle Growth during Dilution and Cooling of Diesel Exhaust: Experimental Investigation and Theoretical Assessment,” SAE 2000-01-0515
- Kittelson, D. Watts, W. Arnold, M. “Review of Diesel Particulate Matter Sampling Methods: Supplemental Report # 2,” 1998
- Symonds, J.P.R. Reavell, K.S.J. Olfert, J.S. Campbell, B.W. Swift, S.J. “Diesel Soot Mass Calculation in Real-Time with a Differential Mobility Spectrometer,” Journal of Aerosol Science 2007 38 52 68
- “Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement," ISO, 1993, corrected and reprinted 1995 (Geneva: International Organization for Standardization)
- Cambustion Application Note DMS01, “Particulate Mass Measurement with DMS Series Fast Spectrometers,”