This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Hydrogen Low-pressure Gaseous Direct Injection
Technical Paper
2009-01-1924
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
A low-pressure hydrogen direct-injection solution is presented that allows some typical benefits of direct injection, such as high specific power and backfire prevention, plus low residual storage pressure, that improves vehicle range and is a typical advantage of external mixture formation.
Since the injection must end early enough to allow good charge homogeneity and, in any case, before in-cylinder pressure rise constraints hydrogen admission, especially at heavy loads hydrogen flow to the cylinder is higher than present electro-injectors allow. The injection is realised in two steps: hydrogen flow rate is simply controlled by a conventional CNG electro-injector that feeds a small intermediate chamber. From this chamber hydrogen next enters the cylinder in a short crank angle period by means of a mechanically-actuated valve that opens at the intake valve closure to avoid backfire.
The prototype is under construction modifying a production single-cylinder motorcycle engine with three intake valves. The central one has been modified and properly timed to admit hydrogen from the intermediate chamber.
The paper shows CFD analysis at the basis of the prototype design.
Recommended Content
Authors
Topic
Citation
Zanforlin, S. and Gentili, R., "Hydrogen Low-pressure Gaseous Direct Injection," SAE Technical Paper 2009-01-1924, 2009, https://doi.org/10.4271/2009-01-1924.Also In
References
- Tang X. et al 2002 “Ford P2000 hydrogen engine dynamometer development” SAE paper 2002-01-0242
- Berckmuller M. et al 2003 “Potentials of a charged SI-hydrogen engine” SAE paper 2003-01-3210
- Lee J.T. Kim Y.Y. Lee C.W. Caton J.A. 2000 “An investigation of a cause of backfire and its control due to crevice volumes in a hydrogen fueled engine” ASME Spring Technical Conference, paper 2000-ICE-284 2000
- Natkin R.J. et al 2003 “IC engine boosting performance and NOx study” SAE paper 2003-01-0631
- Yi H.S. Min K. Kim E.S. 2000 “The optimised mixture formation for hydrogen fuelled engines” Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 25 685 690 2000
- Verhelst S. Sierens R. Verstraeten S. 2006 “A critical Review of Experimental Research on Hydrogen Fueled SI Engines” SAE paper 2006-01-0430
- Stockhausen W.F. et al 2002 “Ford hydrogen engine powered P2000 vehicle” SAE paper 2002-01-0240
- Kim Y.Y. Lee J.T. Choi G.H. 2004 “An investigation on the causes of cyclic variation in direct injection hydrogen fuelled engines” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 30 2005 69 76
- Shudo T. 2007 “Improving thermal efficiency by reducing losses in hydrogen combustion engines” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 32 2007 4285 4293
- Grabner P. Eichlseder H. Gerbig F. Gerke U. 2006 “Optimisation of a Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engine with Inner Mixture Formation” 1 st International Symposium on Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engines September 28–29 2006
- Wallner T. Nande A.M. Naber J. 2008 “Evaluation of Injector Location and Nozzle Design in a Direct-Injection Hydrogen Research Engine” SAE paper 2008-01-1785
- Heller K. Ellgas S. 2006 “Optimisation of a Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engine with Cryogenic Mixture Formation” 1 st International Symposium on Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engines September 28–29 2006
- Rottengruber H. Berckmuller M. Elsasser G. Brehm N. Schwarz C. 2004 “Direct-Injection Hydrogen SI-Engine-Operation Strategy and Power Density Potentials” SAE paper 2004-01-2927
- Wimmer A. Wallner T. Ringler J. Gerbig F. 2005 “H 2 -Direct Injection – A Highly Promising Combustion Concept” SAE paper 2005-01-0108
- Rottengruber H. et al 2004 “A high-efficient combustion concept for direct injection hydrogen internal combustion engine” 15th World Hydrogen Energy Conference, paper 28J-01 2004
- Subramanian V. Mallikarjuna J.M. Ramesh A. 2006 “Effect of Water Injection and Spark Timing on the Nitric Oxide Emission and Combustion Parameters of a Hydrogen Fuelled Spark Ignition Engine” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 32 2007 1159 1173
- Bleechmore C. Brewster S. 2007 “Dilution Strategies for Load and NOx Management in an Hydrogen Direct Injection Engine” SAE paper 2007-01-4097
- Nande A. Wallner T. Naber J. 2008 “Influence of Water Injection on Performance and Emissions of a Direct-Injection Hydrogen Research Engine” SAE paper 2008-01-2377
- Messner D. Wimmer A. Gerke U. Gerbig F. 2006 “Application and Validation of the 3D CFD Method for Hydrogen Fueled IC Engines with Internal Mixture Formation” SAE paper 2006-01-0448
- Gerke U. 2007 “Numerical Analysis of Mixture Formation and Combustion in a Hydrogen Direct-Injection Internal Combustion Engine” Swiss Federal Institute of Technology
- Bender R. Carregal Ferreira J. Forkel H. 2006 “Flamelet Modelling of Partially Premixed Hydrogen Combustion in a Direct Fuel Injection Engine” 1 st International Symposium on Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engines September 28–29 2006