This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Experimental Evaluation of the Fuel Consumption and Emissions Reduction Potential of Low Viscosity Lubricants
Technical Paper
2009-01-1803
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
Reducing fuel consumption and emissions from road transport is a key factor for tackling global warming, promoting energy security and sustaining a clean environment. Several technical measures have been proposed in this aspect amongst which the application of low viscosity engine lubricants. Low viscosity lubricants are considered to be an interesting option for reducing fuel consumption (and CO2 emissions) throughout the fleet in a relatively cost effective way. However limited data are available regarding their actual “real-world” performance with respect to CO2 and other pollutant emissions. This study attempts to address the issue and to provide experimental data regarding the benefit of low viscosity lubricants on fuel consumption and CO2 emissions over both the type-approval and more realistic driving cycles. In addition, regulated (CO, HC, NOx, PM) and non-regulated (particle number and size distribution) pollutant emissions were monitored and analyzed in order to assess other possible environmental benefits. For the study a Euro 3 and a Euro4 diesel passenger car were employed and a series of measurements were performed using regular service lubricants (15W-40, 10W-40 and 0W-40) and fuel efficient (ACEA B5 grade) low viscosity lubricants (5W-30 and 0W-30). The test sequence included the NEDC and the Artemis driving cycles which are considered to better simulate the urban, rural and motorway driving conditions in Europe. Furthermore, engine test bench measurements were performed on fuel consumption in order to investigate and compare the effect of replacing a mineral with a low viscosity synthetic lubricant over several different engine operating points. Vehicle measurement results indicate that low viscosity lubricants in most cases offer a quantifiable reduction in CO2 emissions. However, higher reductions were experienced over the less transient NEDC (1.6-3.6%) compared to the Artemis cycles (0.4-1.8%). Test bench results were in-line with those of the vehicles and indicated that there are certain operating points were the lubricant effect is enhanced. Marginal differentiations in pollutant emissions were observed in all cases.
Recommended Content
| Technical Paper | Driving Down On-Highway Particulate Emissions |
| Technical Paper | Effect of Ash on Gasoline Particulate Filter Using an Accelerated Ash Loading Method |
| Technical Paper | Application of a Biodegradable Lubricant in Two Flexible Fuel Vehicles |
Authors
Topic
Citation
Fontaras, G., Vouitsis, E., and Samaras, Z., "Experimental Evaluation of the Fuel Consumption and Emissions Reduction Potential of Low Viscosity Lubricants," SAE Technical Paper 2009-01-1803, 2009, https://doi.org/10.4271/2009-01-1803.Also In
References
- Ryk, G. Etsion, I. Testing piston rings with partial laser texturing for friction reduction Wear 2006 261 792 796
- Wakuda, M. Yamauchi, Y. Kanzaki, S. Yasuda, Y. Effect of surface texturing on friction reduction between ceramic and steel materials under lubricated sliding contact Wear 2003 254 356 363
- Taylor, R.I. Engine lubricant trends since 1990 Proc. IMechE Part J: Engineering Tribology 2005 219 331 346
- Korcek, S. Nakada, M. Engine oil performance requirement and reformulation for future engines International Tribology Conference 1995 Yokohama, Japan
- Smokers, R.T.M. Vermeulen, R. van Mieghem, R. Gense, R. Skinner, I. Fergusson, M. MacKay, E. ten Brink, P. Fontaras, G. Samaras, Z. Review and analysis of the reduction potential and costs of technological and other measures to reduce CO2- emissions from passenger cars 2006 TNO Automotive
- Calwell, C. Fuel Savings Possibilities from Low Viscosity Synthetic Motor Oils International Energy Association Workshop on Low Rolling Resistance Tyres 2005 Paris
- NRC Automotive Economy: How far should we go? 1992 Committee on Fuel Economy of Automobiles and Light Trucks Energy Engineering Board Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems, National Research Council
- Hoshino Kawai Akiyama, Fuel efficiency of SAE 5W-20 friction modified Gasoline engine oil SAE Paper 982506 1998
- Taylor, R.I. Coy, R.C. Improved Fuel Efficiency by Lubricant Design: A Review 2000 Shell Research & Technology Centre Thornton, P.O. Box 1, Chester, CH1 3SH, UK
- ECMT and IEA Making cars more fuel efficient - Technology for real improvements on the road 2005 European Conference of Ministers of Transport International Energy Agency Paris
- Caines, A. Haycock, R. Automotive Lubricants Reference Book SAE 1996
- Jung, H. Kittelson, B. Zachariah, M. The Influence of Engine Lubricating Oil on Diesel Nanoparticle Emissions and Kinetics of Oxidation SAE Paper 2003-01-3179 2003
- Lahaye, J. Boehm, S. Chambrion, P.H. Ehrburger, P. Influence of Cerium Oxide on the Formation and Oxidation of Soot Combustion and Flame 1996 104 199 207
- Pattas, K. Kyriakis, N. Samaras, Z. Manikas, T. Mihailidis, A. Mustel, W. Rouveirolles, P. The Behavior of Metal DPFs at Low Temperatures in Conjunction with a Cerium Based Additive SAE Technical Paper 980543 1998
- Skillas, G. Qian, Z. Baltensperger, U. Matter, U. Burtscher, H. The Influence of Additives on the Size Disribution and Composition of Particles Produced by Diesel Engines Combustion Science and Technology 2000 154 259 273
- Andersson, J.D. Brett, P.S. Preston, W.H. Warrens, C.P. Fuel and Lubricant Effects on Nucleation Mode Particle Emissions From a Euro III Light Duty-Diesel Vehicle SAE Technical Paper 2004 2004-01-1989
- Andersson, J.D. Preston, W.H. Warrens, C. Brett, P.S. Lubricant Composition Impact on the Emissions from a European Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine Equipped with a Diesel Particulate Filter SAE Technical Paper 2004 2004-01-3012
- Hilden, D.L. Mayer, W.J. The contribution of engine oil to particulate exhaust emissions from light-duty, diesel-powered vehicles SAE Technical Paper 1984 SAE 841395
- Kyto, M. Aakko, P. Nylund, N.-O. Niemi, A. Effect of lubricant on particulate emissions of heavy-duty diesel engines SAE Technical Paper 2002 2002-01-2770
- Vouitsis, I. Ntziachristos, L. Samaras, Z. Grigoratos, T. Samara, K. Effect of a DPF and Low Sulfur Lube Oil on PM Physicochemical Characteristics from a Euro 4 Light Duty Diesel Vehicle SAE Technical Paper 2007-01-0314 2007
- Andre, M. The ARTEMIS European driving cycles for measuring car pollutant emissions Science of the Total Environment 2004 334 335 73 84
- Cortois, G. Lopes, M. Effect of engine lubricant on fuel economy the experimental approach TOTAL Raffinage Distribution Research Center and Lubricants Department
- EPA A Glance at Clean Freight Strategies: Low-Viscosity Lubricants 2002 US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Office of Transportation and Air Quality