This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Release of Fiber Fragments from Fiber-Based Ceramic Honeycomb Filters and Substrates-Methods and Results
Technical Paper
2009-01-1520
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
Advances in emission control technologies have demanded development of new ceramic chemistries and improved microstructures in catalytic substrates and especially in diesel particulate filters. High porosity filters are desirable, as they decrease engine backpressure and enable application of advanced catalysts including, but not limited to, multi-functional filters (MFF).
A significant recent development has been in the use of ceramic fibers to create cross-linked microstructures in extruded honeycomb ceramics. This development allows high porosities to be attained while maintaining mechanical strength. However, according to the World Health Organization, certain classes of ceramic fibers are considered to have adverse health effects if released in air and inhaled. As a result, with fiber-based ceramic substrates and filters being introduced into the market, it becomes necessary to develop rigorous testing protocols for monitoring the release of fiber-fragments to qualify the substrates for regular operation.
A new preliminary set of methods and techniques were developed for verification of fiber-based filters under the Swiss VERT program. Details on the new testing protocols are provided. Mullite-fiber based Cross-Linked Microstructure (CLM™) honeycomb wall-flow filters from GEO2 Technologies were tested under the standard VERT protocols for criteria emissions and the preliminary protocols for secondary fiber emissions. With the uncatalyzed filter in a Fuel Borne Catalyst (FBC) configuration, results are reported for Particle Matter (PM) filtration efficiency, secondary emissions (e.g. NO2), and the release of fiber-fragments. Initial results indicate high filtration efficiency (>99.5%) for PM, an observed decrease in post-filter NO2 concentrations, and minimal to zero initial secondary fiber-fragment release.
From initial data, the newly developed VERT testing protocol for secondary fiber fragment release can be used in conjunction with the existing VERT protocols for evaluation of both fiber-release characteristics and filtration performance of fiber-based filters
Recommended Content
Authors
Citation
Loren, N., Wallen, A., Zuberi, B., Mayer, A. et al., "Release of Fiber Fragments from Fiber-Based Ceramic Honeycomb Filters and Substrates-Methods and Results," SAE Technical Paper 2009-01-1520, 2009, https://doi.org/10.4271/2009-01-1520.Also In
References
- Boland et al Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 276 604 613 1999
- Health Effects Institute “Diesel Exhaust: A Critical Analysis of Emissions, Exposure, and Health Effects (A Special Report of the Institute's Diesel Working Group) Health Effects Institute Cambridge, MA 1995
- Zuberi B. “Multi-functional substantiallyfibrous mullite filtration substrates and devices” US 2006/0120937A1 2006
- Filter-Obligatorium Information zur Einfuhrung des Partikelfilter-Obligatoriums suvaPro Luzern 24 1 2000
- Schweizerische Luftreinhalte-Verordnung (LRV) Stand 3 February 1998 SR 814.318.142.1
- Zuberi et al “Advanced High Porosity Ceramic Honeycomb Wall Flow Filters” SAE Paper 2008-01-0623 2008
- WHO air quality guidelines for Europe 2 nd 2000 http://www.euro.who.int/air/activities/20050223 4
- FOEN/Suva Filterlist - Tested and approved particle filter systems for retrofitting diesel engines. Status December 2007
- Czerwinski J Mosimann T “Analysis of the Particulate Emissions on Liebherr-engine with the fuel additives DPX9 & CDL PP 3100-C,” Report 15 Ingenieurschule Biel, Abgasprufstelle 1998
- Mayer et al “Particulate Traps for Retro-Fitting Construction Site Engines-VERT: Final Measurements and Implementation” SAE 1999-01-0116 1999
- Bann R Grosse Y “Man-made mineral (vitreous) fibres: evaluations of cancer hazards by the IARC Monographs Programme” Mutation research: Fundamental and molecular mechanisms of mutagenesis 2004
- “Recommendations for a Refractory Ceramic Fiber (RCF) Standard http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2006-123/pdfs/2006-123Ch1.pdf
- Rindel C. Hugod E. Bach N.O. Breum “Non-Occupational Exposure to Mineral Fibers” Bignon J. Petro J. Saracci R. WHODARC Lyon 1989 449
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods, Method 7400, Revision 3 511 5/89 U.S. Government Printing Office Washington 1989
- Man-made Vitreous Fibers http://www-nehc.med.navy.mil/downloads/IH/MMVF.pdf
- OSHA “Voluntary Health and Safety Partnership Program for Fiber Glass, Rock and Slag Wool Fiber Products” http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/syntheticmineralfibers/ag