This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
The Effect of Spark Timing on Engine–Out Hydrocarbon Speciation and Hydrocarbon Trap Performance
Technical Paper
2009-01-1068
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
The performance of zeolite based, catalyzed hydrocarbon (HC) traps were evaluated with different inlet HC species and warm up profiles. Five different settings of cold–start spark timing were used each on separate FTP75 vehicle emission tests with constant neutral engine idle speed and fueling schedule. A test vehicle aftertreatment system that consisted of two converter assemblies, close-coupled and underbody, was modified by exchanging the bricks in the latter assembly with HC traps. With increasing spark retard from 9° BTDC to −17° BTDC, exhaust temperature increased, engine–out non–methane hydrocarbon (NMHC) emissions decreased, the concentration of large chain (C6+) HC species decreased and the small chain (C2–3) HC species increased. Lab flow reactor experiments showed that HC traps do not effectively manage small chain HC species with efficient adsorption or retention to conversion. The vehicle test with the 9° BTDC spark timing showed the HC trap adsorbed NMHC emissions at an efficiency of 81% and converted it at 35%. The vehicle test with the –17° BTDC spark timing showed the HC trap adsorbed NMHC emissions at an efficiency of 68% and converted it at 36%. Engine operation at 9° BTDC spark timing minimized small chain HC species but caused the aftertreatment to warm up slowly and increased the HC emissions into the trap and out of the tailpipe. An optimal spark setting for HC trap adsorption efficiency and warm up was chosen and other cold start parameters were recalibrated, which yielded an NMHC adsorption efficiency of 75% and conversion efficiency of 51%.
Recommended Content
| Technical Paper | Low Rhodium Catalyst Technology for Gasoline and FFV Applications |
| Technical Paper | Development of Atmospheric Air-level Emission Vehicle Technology for Gasoline Engines |
| Technical Paper | Development of Double-Layered Three-Way Catalysts |
Authors
Citation
Lupescu, J., Chanko, T., Richert, J., and Mauti, A., "The Effect of Spark Timing on Engine–Out Hydrocarbon Speciation and Hydrocarbon Trap Performance," SAE Technical Paper 2009-01-1068, 2009, https://doi.org/10.4271/2009-01-1068.Also In
References
- Russ, S. Theil, M. Lavoie, G. “SI Engine Operation with Retarded Ignition: Part 2 – HC Emissions and Oxidation” SAE Technical Paper 1999-01-3507 1999
- Hallgren, B. Heywood, J. “Effects of Substantial Spark Retard on SI Engine Combustion and Hydrocarbon Emissions” SAE Technical Paper 2003-01-3237 2003
- Eng, J. “The Effect of Spark Retard on Engine–out Hydrocarbon Emissions” SAE Technical Paper 2005-01-3867 2005
- Goralski, C. Jr. Lupescu, J. Chanko, T. Hepburn, J. “Application of Catalyzed Hydrocarbon Traps to Reduce Hydrocarbon Emissions from Ethanol Flex–Fuel Vehicles” SAE 1999-01-3624 1999
- Ballinger, T. H. Manning, W. A. Lafyatis, D. S. “Hydrocarbon Trap Technology for the Reduction of Cold–Start Hydrocarbon Emissions” SAE Technical Paper 979741 1997
- Ballinger, T. Andersen, P. “Vehicle Comparison of Advanced Three–Way Catalysts and Hydrocarbon Trap Catalysts” SAE Technical Paper 2002-01-0730 2002
- Dryer, F. L. Brezinsky, K. “A Flow Reactor Study of the Oxidation of n–Octane and Iso–Octane” Combust. Sci. and Tech. 1986 45 199 212