This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Designing the Thermal Protection System of an Apollo Type Vehicle under Uncertainty
Technical Paper
2009-01-0564
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
A multi-disciplinary optimization under uncertainty (MDO-U) capability has been developed in order to solve optimization problems with multiple sets of objectives and constraints originating from different design disciplines while simultaneously accounting for uncertainty during the optimization process. Uncertainties are introduced in the optimization process by considering the constraints which depend on any random variables and any random parameters as probabilistic. Satisfying the probabilistic constraints in the presence of uncertainty introduces sufficient conservatism in the solution and eliminates the need for further application of safety factors. The MDO-U capability is applied for performing design optimization for the TPS of an Apollo type vehicle. The Traj and FIAT codes of NASA Ames are employed during this design process for trajectory and for thermal analyses, respectively. Five different types of TPS material are considered to be applied over different sections of the vehicle. The trajectory bank angle schedule and thicknesses of the five different TPS are adjusted within the MDO-U environment in order to reduce the overall weight of the TPS while satisfying the imposed constraints. Uncertainties are considered in the entry angle, the TPS densities, the heat transfer coefficient, and the thermal conductivity. The results from the MDO-U analysis are validated through comparison with Monte Carlo simulations. Finally, a comparison between the performance of the deterministic and the probabilistic optimum is made.
Recommended Content
| Journal Article | Validation of a 1D Compressor Model for Performance Prediction |
| Technical Paper | Simultaneous Free-Size, Gauge, and Composite Optimization for Automotive Chassis Design |
| Technical Paper | Scroll Compressor Wall Strength Improvement |
Authors
Citation
Vlahopoulos, N. and He, J., "Designing the Thermal Protection System of an Apollo Type Vehicle under Uncertainty," SAE Technical Paper 2009-01-0564, 2009, https://doi.org/10.4271/2009-01-0564.Also In
Reliability and Robust Design in Automotive Engineering, 2009
Number: SP-2232; Published: 2009-04-20
Number: SP-2232; Published: 2009-04-20
References
- Stanley, D.O. England, W.C. Lepsch, R.A. Mcmillin, M. Wurster K.E. Powell, R.W. “Rocket-Powered Single-Stage Vehicle Configuration Selection and Design,” AIAA Paper 93-1053 Feb. 1993
- Stanley, D.O. Engeland, W.C. Lepsch, R.A. “Propulsion System Requirements for Reusable Single-Stage-to-Orbit Rocket Vehicles,” AIAA Paper 92-3504 July 1992
- Tartabini, P.V. Lepsch, R.A. Korte J.J. Wurster, K.E. “A Multidisciplinary Performance Analysis of a Lifting-Body Single-Stage-to-Orbit Vehicle,” AIAA Paper 2000-1045, 38 th Aerospace Sciences Meeting & Exhibit, January 2000, Reno, NV
- Riehl, J. Trefny, C. Kosareo, D. “SRM-Assisted Trajectory for the GTX Reference Vehicle,”
- Betts, J.T. “Using Sparse Nonlinear Programming to Compute Low Thrust Orbit Transfers,” The Journal of the Astronautical Sciences 41 No. 3 July–September 1993 349 371
- Betts, J.T. “Optimal Interplanetary Orbit Transfers by Direct Transcription,” The Journal of the Astronautical Sciences 42 No. 3 July–September 1994 247 268
- Calhoun P.C. Queen, E.M. “Entry Vehicle Control System Design for the Mars Smart Lander,” AIAA-2002-4504, AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference and Exhibit 5–8 August 2002 Monterey, California
- Cockrell, C.E. Jr. “Aerosciences, Aero-Propulsion and Flight Mechanics Technology Development for NASA’s Next Generation Launch Technology Program,” AIAA 2003-6948, 12 th AIAA International Space Planes and Hypersonic Systems and Technologies Conference December 15–19 2003 Norfolk, Virginia
- Miller, C.G. “Aerothermodynamic Flight Simulation Capabilities for Aerospace Vehicles,” AIAA-98-2600, 20 th AIAA Advance Measurement & Ground Testing Technology Conference June 1998 Albuquerque, New Mexico
- Hollis, B.R. “Experimental and Computational Aerothermodynamics of a Mars Entry Vehicle,” NASA December 1996
- Miller, C.G. “Langley Hypersonic Aerodynamic/Aerothermodynamic Testing Capabilities – Present and Future,” AIAA Paper 90-1376 1990
- Dec, J.A. Gasbarre, J.F. George, B.E. “Thermal Analysis and Correlation of the Mars Odyssey Spacecraft’s Solar Array During Aerobraking Operations,” AIAA 2002-4536, AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Conference August 2002 Monterey, California
- Amundsen, R.M. Dec, J.A. Lindell, M.C. “Thermal Analysis Methods for an Earth Entry Vehicle,” Eleventh Thermal and Fluids Analysis Workshop August 21–25 2000 Cleveland, Ohio
- Amundsen, R.M. Dec, J.A. Mitcheltree, R.A. Lindell, M.C. Dillman, R.A. “Preliminary Thermal Analysis of a Mars Sample Return Earth Entry Vehicle,” AIAA 2000-2584, 34 th AIAA Thermophysics Conference June 19–22 2000 Denver, Colorado
- TPSX Thermal Protection System and Material Properties Database February 1998 NASA Ames Research Center http://asm.arc.nasa.gov/tpsx
- Scotti, S.J. Clay, C. Rezin, M. “Structures and Materials Technologies for Extreme Environments Applied to Reusable Launch Vehicles,” AIAA 2003-2697, AIAA/ICAS International Air & Space Symposium and Exposition July 14–17 2003 Dayton, Ohio
- Blosser, M.L. “Investigation of Fundamental Modeling and Thermal Performance Issues for a Metallic Thermal Protection System Design,” AIAA 2002-0503, 40 th Aerospace Sciences Meeting & Exhibit January 2000 Reno, Nevada
- Blosser, M.L. “Development of Metallic Thermal Protection Systems for the Reusable Launch Vehicle,” NASA October 1996
- Myers, D.E. Martin, C.J. Blosser, M.L. “Parametric Weight Comparison of Advanced Metallic, Ceramic Tile, and Ceramic Blanket Thermal Protection Systems,”
- Braun, R.D. Moore, A.A. Kroo, I.M. “Use of the Collaborative Optimization Architecture for Launch Vehicle Design,” AIAA
- Padula, S.L. Korte, J.J. Dunn, H.J. Salas, A.O. “Multidisciplinary Optimization Branch Experience Using iSIGHT Software,”
- Tartabini, P.V. Lepsch, R.A. Korte J.J. Wurster, K.E. “A Multidisciplinary Performance Analysis of a Lifting-Body Single-Stage-to-Orbit Vehicle,” AIAA Paper 2000-1045, 38 th Aerospace Sciences Meeting & Exhibit, January 2000, Reno, NV
- Braun, R.D. Kroo, I.M. “Development and Application of the Collaborative Optimization Architecture in a Multidisciplinary Design Environment,” AIAA
- Kim, H.M. “Target Cascading in Optimal System Design,” Ph.D. Thesis University of Michigan Ann Arbor 2001
- Michelena, N. Louca, L. Kokkolaras, M. Lin, C.C. Jung, D. Filipi, Z. Assanis, D. Papalambros, P. Peng, H. Stein, J. Feury, M. “Design of an Advanced Heavy Tactical Truck: A Target Cascading Case Study,” SAE Paper 2001-01-2793
- Kim, H.M. Kokkolaras, M. Louca, L.S. Delagrammatikas, G.J. Michielena, N.F. Filipi, Z.S. Papalambros, P.Y. Stein, J.L. Assanis, D.N. “Target Cascading in Vehicle Redesign: A Class VI Truck Design,” Int. J. of Vehicle Design 29 No. 3 2002 1 27
- Kim, H.M. Michielena, N.F. Papalambros, P.Y. Jiang, I. “Target Cascading in Optimal System Design,” Transactions of ASME, Journal of Mechanical Design September 2003 125 474 480
- Michielena, N.F. Park, H.A. Papalambros, P.Y. “Convergence Properties of Analytical Target Cascading,” Proceedings of the 9 th AIAA/ISSMO Symposium On Multidisciplinary Analysis and Optimization, AIAA-2002-5506 Atlanta, GA
- Liang, J. Mourelatos, Z. P. Tu, J. “A Single-Loop Method for Reliability-Based Design Optimization,” Proceedings of ASME Design Engineering Technical Conferences (DETC) 2004
- Mourelatos, Z. P. Vlahopoulos, N. Ebrat, O. Liang, J. Wang, J. “Probabilistic Main Bearing Performance for an Internal Combustion Engine,” ASME Journal of Tribology 127 n 4 October 2005 784 792
- Allen, G. A. Wright, M. J. Gage, P. “The Trajectory Program (Traj): Reference Manual and User’s Guide,” 20 February 2004 NASA Ames
- Kinney, D. J. “Aero-Thermodynamics for Conceptual Design,” 42 nd AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit,” 5–6 January 2004 Reno, NV
- Kinney, D.J. Garcia, J.A. Huynh, L. “Predicted Convective and Radiative Aerothermodynamic Environments for Various Reentry Vehicles using CBAERO,” 44 th AIAA Aerospace Meeting and Exhibit 9–12 January 2006 Reno, NV
- McGuire, M.K. Gage, P. Galloway, E.T. Huyhn, L. Nghyen, J. Bowles, J. V. Windhorst, R. “Trajectory and Thermal Protection System Design for Reusable Launch Vehicles,” 10 th AIAA/ISSMO Multidisciplinary Analysis and Optimization Conference 30 August – 1 September 2004 Albany New York
- Chen, Y. K. Milos, F. S. “Ablation and Thermal Response Program for Spacecraft Heatshield Analysis,” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 36 No. 3 1999 475 482
- Sun, J. Zhang, G. Vlahopoulos, N. Hong, S.B. “Developments of Multi-Disciplinary Optimization under Uncertainty for Thermal Protection Systems Applications,” 2006 MDO AIAA Conference Sept. 2006
- Vlahopoulos, N. Wang, A. He, J. “Engaging Structural-Acoustic Simulations in Multi-Discipline Optimization,” Proceedings of NoiseCon08 July 2008 Detroit, MI
- He, J. Zhang, G. Vlahopoulos, N. “Uncertainty propagation in Multi-Disciplinary Design Optimization of Undersea Vehicles,” 2008 SAE Congress, SAE Paper 2008-01-0218 April 2008
- Hart, C.G. Vlahopoulos, N. “An integrated multidisciplinary particle swarm optimization approach to conceptual ship design,” Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization
- Cressie, N. “Spatial Prediction and Ordinary Kriging,” Mathematical Geology 20 n4 405 421 1988
- Martin J. D. Simpson, T. W. “On the use of Kriging models to approximate deterministic computer models,” Proceedings of the ASME 2004 International Design Engineering Technical Conference Salt Lake City, Utah 28 September – 2 October 2004