This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
A general splash model for direct injection engine multi-dimensional simulation
Technical Paper
2007-24-0022
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
The interaction between impacting and splashed droplets on the combustion chamber walls and inlet air motion plays a fundamental role in the mixture formation process. It covers a crucial aspect for the correct operation of both DI diesel and gasoline engines as it greatly influences the combustion process and the exhaust emissions. A complete understanding of spray impingement is quite complex. In this paper, a numerical-experimental approach is proposed.
On the experimental side, the behaviour of a Diesel impinging spray emerging from a common rail injection system (injection pressures of 80 MPa and 120 MPa) and of a gasoline hollow cone spray generated by a swirled injector (injection pressures up to 10.0 MPa) have been analysed. The impinging spray has been lightened by a pulsed laser sheet generated from the second harmonic of a Nd - YAG laser. The images have been acquired by a CCD camera at different times from the Start of Injection. Digital image processing software has enabled to extract the characteristic parameters of the impinging spray with respect to different operating conditions.
The numerical analysis is carried out by means of a multi-dimensional numerical tool, based on the KIVA-3V code. The spray-wall interaction is simulated through a properly modified phenomenological splash model available in literature. Based on the experimental evidences, the proposed modified version of the model is proven to be an adequate representation for different injection pressures and back-pressures
Authors
Citation
Andreassi, L., Rocco, V., Ubertini, S., and Allocca, L., "A general splash model for direct injection engine multi-dimensional simulation," SAE Technical Paper 2007-24-0022, 2007, https://doi.org/10.4271/2007-24-0022.Also In
References
- Kong S.C Senecal P.K Reitz R.D 1999 “Development in Spray Modeling in Diesel and Direct-Injection Gasoline Engines.” Oil & Gas Science Technology 54 2 197 204
- Rotondi R. Bella G. 2006 Gasoline direct injection spray simulation” International Journal of Thermal Sciences 45 168 179
- Meingast U. Staudt M. Reichelt L. Renz U. Sommerhoff P.A. 2000 “Analysis of Spray/Wall Interaction Under Diesel Engine Conditions” SAE Paper 2000-01-0272
- Suh E.S Rutland C.J. 1999 “Numerical Study of Fuel/Air Mixture Preparation in a GDI Engine” SAE Paper 1999-01-3657
- Pontoppidan M. Ausiello F. Bella G. e Ubertini S. 2003 “Study of the Impact of the Combustion Process of Injector Nozzle Layout creating Enhancing Spray Secondary Break-up” SAE paper 2003-01-0706
- Bella G. Rocco V. e Ubertini S. 2003 “Combustion and Spray Simulation of a DI Turbocharged Diesel Engine” Journal of Engines - SAE Transactions 2002 2549 2565
- Pontoppidan M. Ausiello F. Ubertini S. Bella G. 2004 “Study of the impact of the spray shape stability and the combustion process of supply pressure fluctuations in CR-Diesel Injectors” SAE paper 2004-01-0023
- Patterson M. A. Reitz R. 1998 “Modeling the Effects of Fuel Spray Characteristics on Diesel Engine Combustion and Emission” SAE Paper 980131
- Katsura N. Saito M. Senda J. Fujimoto H. 1989 “Characteristics of a Diesel spray impinging on a flat wall” SAE Technical Paper 890264
- Fujimoto H Senda J. Nagae M. Hashimoto A. Saito M. Katsura N. 1990 “Characteristics of a Diesel spray impinging on a flat wall” Proceedings of COMODIA 90 Int. Symposium on Diagnostic and Modeling of Combustion in I.C. Engines Kyoto, Japan 193 198
- Saito A. Kawamura K. Watanabe S. Takahashi T. Tuzuki N. 1993 “Analysis of Impinging Spray Characteristics under High-Pressure Fuel Injection” (1st Report, Measurements of Impinging Spray Characteristics) Transactions of Japanese Society Mechanical Engineering, Part B 59 3290 3295
- Di Stasio S. Allocca L. 2000 “Influence of the Gas Ambient Nature on Diesel Spray Properties at High Injection Pressure: Experimental Results” THIESEL 2000 Valencia (Spain)
- Allocca L. Corcione F.E. Golini S. Papetti F. 1993 “Assessment of Wall Heat Transfer Model for an Impinging Diesel Spray” ASME Conference August 8-11 1993 Atlanta, GA
- Allocca L. De Vita A. Di Angelo L. 2002 “Wall-impingement Analysis of a Spray from a Common Rail Injection System for Diesel Engines” THIESEL 2002 Valencia (Spain) 67 76
- Amagai K. Arai M. 2004 “Evaporation and Fuel Vapour Distribution in a Diesel Spray Impinging on a Hot Wall” COMODIA 2004 August 2-5 2004 Yokohama, Japan
- Arcoumanis C. Chang J.C. 1994 “Flow and heat transfer characteristics of impinging transient Diesel sprays” SAE Technical Paper 940678
- Mills A.A. Fry J.D. 1982 “Rate of Evaporation of Hydrocarbons from a Hot Surface: Nukiyama and Leidenfrost Temperatures” Eur. J. Phys. 3152 3154
- Xiong T.Y. Yuen M.C. 1991 “Evaporation of a Liquid Droplet on a Hot Plate” Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 34 1881 1894
- Naber J.D. Reitz R.D. 1988 “Modeling engine/spray wall impingement” SAE Technical Paper 881316
- Allocca L. Amato U. Bertoli C. Concione F.E. 1990 “Comparison of models and experiments for diesel fuel sprays” Int. Symposium on Diagnostic and Modelling of Combustion in IC Engines 225 261 1990
- Eckause J.E Reitz R.D. 1995 “Modelling heat transfer to impinging fuel sprays in direct-injection engines” Atomization and Sprays 5 213 242
- Guerrassi N. Champoussin J.C 1996 “Experimental Study and Modelling of Diesel Spray/Wall Impingement” SAE paper 960864
- Wachters L.H.J. Westerling N.A.J. 1966 “The heat transfer from a hot wall to impinging water drops in the speroidal state” Chem. Eng. Sci. 21 1047 1056
- O'Rourke P.J Amsden A.A. 2000 “A Spray/Wall Interaction Submodel for the KIVA-3V Wall Film Model” SAE Paper 2000-01-0271
- Grover R.O. Jr. Assanis D.N. 2001 “A Spray Wall Impingement Model Based Upon Conservation Priciples” Comodia 2001
- Lee S. Ryou H. 2000 “Modelling of Spray-Wall Interactions Considering Liquid Film Formation” Proceedings of the Eight International Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems Pasadena, CA 586 593
- Lee S. Ko G.H Ryou H. Hong K.B 2001 “Development and Application of a New Spray Impingement Model Considering Film Formation in a Diesel Engine” KSME International Journal 15 7 951 961
- Bai C. Gosman A.D 1995 “Development of Methodology for Spray Impingement Simulation” SAE Technical Paper 950283
- Nagaoka M. Kawazoe H. Nomura N. 1994 “Modelling Fuel Spray Impingement on a Hot Wall for Gasoline Engines” SAE paper 940525
- Stanton D.W Rutland C.J 1998 “Multidimensional modelling of heat and mass transfer of fuel films resulting from impinging sprays” SAE paper 980132
- Andreassi L. Ubertini S. Allocca L. 2007 “Experimental and Numerical Analysis of High Pressure Diesel Spray Wall Interactions” accepted for publication in International Journal of Multiphase flow 10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2007.01.003
- Allocca L. Andreassi L. Ubertini S 2006 “Evaluation of Splash Models with High-Pressure Diesel Spray” SAE Technical Paper 2006-01-1117
- Allocca L. Andreassi L. Ubertini S. 2006 “Enhanced Splash Models for High Pressure Diesel Sprays” ASME ESDA 2006-01-1117
- Andreassi L. Ubertini S 2005 “Multidimensional Modeling of Spray Impingement in Modern Diesel Engines” SAE Technical Paper 2005-24-092
- De Vita A. Di Angelo L. Allocca L. 2002 “Early Injection and Time-Resolved Evolution of a Spray for GDI Engines” ASME Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting Montreal
- International Standard 1998 Second
- Sarre C. von K. Kong S. C. Reitz R.D. 1999 “Modeling the Effects of Injector Nozzle Geometry on Diesel Sprays” SAE Technical Paper 1999-01-0912
- Hu K. Gosman A.D. 1991 A phenomenological model of diesel spray atomization In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Multiphase Flows Tsukuba, Japan
- Chaves H. Knapp M. Kubitzek A. Obermeier F. 1995 “Experimental Study of Cavitation in the Nozzle Hole of Diesel Injectors Using Transparent Nozzles” SAE Technical Paper 950290
- Reitz R.D. Diwakar R. 1987 “Structure of High Pressure Fuel Sprays” SAE paper 870598
- Bella G. Rocco V. Ubertini S. 2002 “Combustion and Spray Simulation of a DI Turbocharged Diesel Engine” Journal of Engines - SAE Transactions 2002 2549 2565
- O'Rourke P. J. Amsden A. A. 1987 “The Tab Method for Numerical Calculation of Spray Droplet Breakup” SAE Technical Paper 872089
- Ibrahim E.A. Yang H.Q. Przekwas A. J. 1993 “Modeling of Spray Droplets Deformation and Breakup” AIAA J. Propulsion and Power 9 651 654
- Patterson M. A. Reitz R. 1998 “Modeling the Effects of Fuel Spray Characteristics on Diesel Engine Combustion and Emission” SAE Technical Paper 980131
- Naber JD Farrel PV 1993 “Hydrodynamics of droplet impingement on a heated surface” SAE Technical. Papers 930919
- Yarin A.L. Weiss D.A. 1995 “Impact of drops on solid surfaces: self-similar capillary waves, and splashing as a new type of kinematic discontinuity” Journal of Fluid Mechanics 283 141 173
- O'Rourke P.J Amsden A.A. 1996 “A Particle Numerical Model for Wall Film Dynamics in Port-Injected Engines” SAE Paper 961961