This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Validation of a Finite Element Human Model for Prediction of Rib Fractures
Technical Paper
2007-01-1161
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
In the past, several crash test dummies were developed in order to measure forces acting on the human body during different loading conditions. However, they are limited in their biofidelity and their application type (frontal, lateral etc.). Recently, several numerical human models were developed. Their main advantage in comparison with dummies is the possibility to model the human structures with its mechanical properties. The aim of this study was to redefine the material properties of the ribcage of the Finite Element mid-size male HUMOS2 model in MADYMO in order to be able to predict fractures occurring under different conditions.
The Human Model was subjected to several impact conditions, and the responses were compared with data obtained from Post Mortem Human Subject (PMHS) tests described in literature. First, three ribs separated from the model were subjected to 3-point bending tests, both quasi-static and dynamic at two different velocities. New material models, including elasto-plastic and damage behavior of the ribs were used in these simulations. Then, the model was validated by means of frontal thoracic impact and belt-restrained sled test simulations. Both types of simulations were conducted with various impact conditions according to the set-ups used in the PMHS tests.
Results obtained from all the simulations demonstrated good biofidelity of the model. About 80% of the curves obtained from the simulations fit the corridors based on the PMHS responses. Furthermore, the location of damage predicted in the ribcage correlated well with the fractures obtained from the autopsy. The computed stresses predicted multiple rib fractures. The computed Viscous Criterion correlated with a 25% chance of AIS 3+ injuries, also indicating multiple rib fractures. As a result, both global and local computed measures are able to predict rib fractures. From the results of this study it can be concluded that the HUMOS2 model can be used for the prediction of rib fractures.
Recommended Content
Authors
Citation
Mordaka, J., Meijer, R., van Rooij, L., and Żmijewska, A., "Validation of a Finite Element Human Model for Prediction of Rib Fractures," SAE Technical Paper 2007-01-1161, 2007, https://doi.org/10.4271/2007-01-1161.Also In
References
- Robin S. HUMOS: Human model for safety - a joint effort towards the development of refined human-like car occupant models 17th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles, paper 297 2001
- Vezin P. Verriest J. P. Development of a set of numerical human models for safety HUMOS2 consortium . Paper number 05-0163
- Nigg B. M. Herzog W. Biomechanics of the Musculoskeletal System John Wiley & Sons Chichester, England 1994
- Chang G. K. Duque G. Age - Related Bone Loss: Old Bone, New Facts Gerontology 2002 48 62 71
- Kallieris D. Schönpflug M. Yang J. Ries O. Beaugonin M. Report on Injury Mechanisms Database/Version B 2004
- Kroell C. K. Schneider D. C. Nahum A. M. Impact Tolerance and Response of the Human Thorax. Proceedings of 15th Stapp Crash Conference, SAE 710851 1971
- Kroell C. K. Schneider D. C. Nahum A. M. Impact Tolerance and Response of the Human Thorax II Proceedings of 18th Stapp Crash Conference, SAE 741187 1974
- Nahum A. M. Gadd C. W. Schneider D. C. Kroell C. K. Deflection of the Human Thorax Under Sternal Impact SAE 700400 Warrendale, PA 1970
- Neathery R. Analysis of Chest Impact Response Data and Skaled Performance Recommendations Proceedings of 18th Stapp Car Crash Conference, SAE 741188 1974
- Bouquet R. Ramet M. Bermond F. Cesari D. Thoracic and Pelvis Human Response to Impact INRETS France 1994
- Kallieris D. Riedl H. Human Mechanical Properties. Global Validation Data Final Report University of Heidelberg 2004
- Granik G. Stein I. Human Ribs: Static Testing as a Promising Medical Application Journal of Biomechanics 8 237 240
- Murakami D. Kitagawa Y. Kobayashi S. Kent R. Crandal J. Development and Validation of a Finite Element of a Vehicle Occupant SAE 2004-01-0325
- Panjabi M. M. White A. A. Biomechanics in the Musculoskeletal System Livingston New York 2001
- Abé H. Hayashi K. Sato M. Data Book on Mechanical Properties of Living Cells. Tissues and Organs Springer 1996
- Nahum A., M. Melvin J., W. Accidental Injury. Biomechanics and Prevention
- Theory manual 2005
- Kemper A.R. McNally C. Kennedy E.A. Manoogian S.J. Rath A.L. Ng P.T. Sitzel J.D. Smith E.P. Duma S.M. Eric P. Smith Stefan M. Duma Material Properties of Human Rib Cortical Bone from Dynamic Tension Coupon Testing Stapp Car Crash Journal 49 November 2005 199 230
- Odgaard A. Hvid I. Linde F. Compressive axial strain distributions in cancellous bone specimens J Biomech 1989 22 8-9 829 35
- Bayraktar H.H. Morgan E.F. Niebur G.L. Morris G.E. Wong E.K. Keaveny T.M. Comparison of the elastic and yield properties of human femoral trabecular and cortical bone tissue J Biomech 2004 Jan 37 1 27 35
- Vahey J.W. Lewis J.L. Vanderby R. Jr. Elastic moduli, yield stress, and ultimate stress of cancellous bone in the canine proximal femur J Biomech 1987 20 1 29 33
- Kopperdahl D.L. Keaveny T.M. Yield strain behavior of trabecular bone J Biomech 1998 Jul 31 7 601 8
- Morgan E.F. Keaveny T.M. Dependence of yield strain of human trabecular bone on anatomic site J Biomech 2001 May 34 5 569 77
- Keaveny T.M. Morgan E.F. Niebur G.L. Yeh O.C. Biomechanics of Trabeculra Bone Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. 2001 3 307 33
- Stitzel J.D. Cormier J.M. Barretta J.T. Kennedy E.A. Smith E.P. Rath A.L. M. Duma S.M. Defining Regional Variation in the Material Properties of Human Rib Cortical Bone and its Effect on Fracture Prediction Stapp Car Crash Journal 47 October 2003 243 266
- Berthet F. Review of the thorax injury criteria Aprosys report, AP-SP51-0038-B_D5.1.4A Part A.doc 10 11
- Rohl E. Larsen E. Linde F. Odgaard A. Jorgensen J. Tensile and compressive properties of cancellous bone J. Biomech 24 12 1991 1143 1149