This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
An Alternative Method for Generating Ultra-Clean Dilution Air for Engine Emissions Measurements
Technical Paper
2007-01-1111
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
Many engine exhaust emissions measurements require exhaust dilution. With low-emission engines, there is the possibility for contaminants in the dilution air to contribute artifacts to the emissions measurement. The objectives of this work are to discuss common methods used to clean the dilution air, to present the detailed analysis of a pressure swing adsorption (PSA) system and to compare the performance of the PSA with 2 other systems commonly used to provide dilution air for engine exhaust nanoparticle measurements. The results of the comparison are discussed in context with some emissions measurements that require exhaust dilution.
Recommended Content
Authors
Topic
Citation
Swanson, J., Kittelson, D., and Dallas, A., "An Alternative Method for Generating Ultra-Clean Dilution Air for Engine Emissions Measurements," SAE Technical Paper 2007-01-1111, 2007, https://doi.org/10.4271/2007-01-1111.Also In
References
- Chase, R. E. et al. “PM Measurement Artifact: Organic Vapor Deposition on Different Filter Media.” SAE paper 2004-01-0967
- Sun, E. I. et al. “Evaluation of an Enhanced Constant Volume Sampling System and a Bag Mini Diluter for Near Zero Exhaust Emission Testing.” SAE paper 2005-01-0684
- Guenther, M. et al. “Advanced Emissions Test Site for Confident PZEV Measurements.” SAE paper 2003-01-0046
- Abdul-Khalek, I. Kittelson, D. B. Brear, F. “The Influence of Dilution Conditions on Diesel Exhaust Particle Size Distribution Measurements.” SAE Paper 1999-01-1142
- Abdul-Khalek, I. Kittelson, D. B. Brear, F. “Nanoparticle Growth during Dilution and Cooling of Diesel Exhaust: Experimental Investigation and Theoretical Assessment.” SAE Paper 2000-01-0515
- Kasper, M. “Sampling and Measurement of Nanoparticle Emissions for Type Approval and Field Control.” SAE Paper 2005-26-013
- Warheit, David “Nanoparticles: Health Impacts?” Materials Today February 32 35 2004
- Biswas, P. Wu, C.Y. “Critical Review: Nanoparticles and the Environment.” J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc. 55 708 746 2005
- Kittelson, D. B. “Engines and Nanoparticles: A Review.” J. of Aerosol Sci. 29 575 588 1998
- Shi, P. J. Harrison, R. M. “Investigation of Ultrafine Particle Formation during Diesel Exhaust Dilution.” Environ. Sci. Tech. 33 3730 3736 1999
- Tayama, A. et al. “A Study of Gasoline-Fuel Near-Zero-Emissions Vehicle Using an Improved Emission Measurement System.” SAE paper 982555
- Rabellino, L. “Gas Supply and Treatment Options for Use in Emissions Measurement and Test.” SAE Paper 2002-01-0053
- Rabellino, L. Sherman, M. T. 2003 “Oxygen Content Variation in “Zero” Grade Air Due to Production, Treatment and Distribution.” SAE Paper 2003-01-0393
- Pertl, E. D. et al. “Design of a Portable Micro-Dilution Tunnel Particulate Matter Emissions Measurement System.” SAE Paper 2005-01-3795
- White, D. H. “Regenerable Pressure-Swing Adsorption Systems for Continuous Chemical Warfare Collective Protection.” Naval Research Lab April 23 Washington, D.C. 1986
- Still, J.E. Cluley, H. J. “A New Method for the Measurement of Extremely Low Humidity's and its Applications to the Testing of Desiccants.” The Analyst 97 1 16 SAC Conference Nottingham 1968
- Perry, R. H. Chilton, C.H. Chemical Engineer's Handbook 5th McGraw-Hill 1973
- White, D. H. “Pressure Swing Adsorption, Theory and Application for Drying of Gases.” The Center for Professional Advancement 1993
- White, D. H. Barkley, P. G. “The Design of Pressure Swing Adsorption Systems.” Chemical Engineering Progress Jan 25 32 1989
- White, D. H. 2006 Personal Conversation
- Holmén, B.A. Ayala, A. “Ultrafine PM Emissions from Natural Gas, Oxidation-Catalyst Diesel, and Particle-Trap Diesel Heavy-Duty Transit Buses.” Environ. Sci. Technol. 36 5041 5050 2002
- Wong, C.P. et al. “Characterisation of Diesel Exhaust Particle Number and Size Distributions using Mini-Dilution Tunnel and Ejector-Diluter Measurement Techniques.” Atmos. Environ. 37 4435 4446 2003
- Yeh, L. Ghosh, T. K. Hines, A.L. “Effects of Regeneration Conditions on the Characteristics of Water Vapor Adsorption on Silica Gel.” J. Chem Eng. 37 259 261 1992
- Calgon Carbon Corp. 2006
- EPA Compendium of Methods for Determination of Toxic Organic Compounds in Ambient Air EPA TO-1 Determination of VOCs in Ambient Air Using Tenax Adsorption and GC/MS 1 9 1984
- EPA Compendium of Methods for Determination of Toxic Organic Compounds in Ambient Air EPA TO-17 Determination of VOCs in Ambient Air Using Active Sampling onto Sorbent Tubes Second 1997
- Khalek, I. A. “2007 Diesel Particulate Measurement Research.” CRC Project E-66 Phase-1 Southwest Research Institute 2005
- Volckens, J. Leith, D. “Comparison of Methods for Measuring Gas-Particle Partitioning of Semivolatile Compounds.” Atmos. Environ. 37 3177 3188 2003
- Mader, Brian T. Pankow, James F. “Gas/Solid Partitioning of Semivolatile Organic Compounds (SOCs) to Air Filters. 1. Partitioning of Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins, Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans and Polycyclic-Aromatic Hydrocarbons to Teflon Membrane filters.” Environ. Sci. Technol. 34 4879 4887 2001
- Mader, Brian T. Pankow, James F. “Gas/Solid Partitioning of Semivolatile Organic Compounds (SOCs) to Air Filters. 2. Partitioning of Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins, Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans, and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons to Quartz Fiber Filters.” Environ. Sci. Technol. 34 1217 1223 2001
- Mader, Brian T. Pankow, James F. “Gas/Solid Partitioning of Semivolatile Organic Compounds (SOCs) to Air Filters. 3. An Analysis of Gas Adsorption Artifacts in Measurements of Atmospheric SOCs and Organic Carbon (OC) When Using Teflon Membrane Filters and Quartz Fiber Filters.” Environ. Sci. Technol. 35 3422 3432 2001
- Wall, J. C. Hoekman, S. K. “Fuel Composition Effects on Heavy-Duty Diesel Particulate Emissions.” SAE paper 841364
- Guenther, M. et al. “Improved Bag Mini-Diluter Sampling System for Ultra-Low Level Vehicle Exhaust Emissions.” SAE paper 2000-01-0792
- Guenther, M. et al. “Refinement of a Bag Mini-Diluter System.” SAE paper 2001-01-0212
- Code of Federal Regulations, Title 40: Protection of Environment, Part 86: Control of Emissions from New and In-Use Highway Vehicles and Engines 2006
- Mathis, U. Mohr, M. Zenobi, R. “Effect of Organic Compounds on Nanoparticle Formation in Diluted Diesel Exhaust.” Atmos. Chem. Phys. 4 609 620 2004