This content is not included in your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Study of the Transient Operation of Low Heat Rejection Turbocharged Diesel Engine Including Wall Temperature Oscillations
Technical Paper
2007-01-1091
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
During the last decades, a vivid interest in the low heat rejection (LHR) diesel engine has arisen. In a LHR engine, an increased level of temperatures inside the cylinder is achieved resulting from the insulation applied to the combustion chamber walls. The steady-state LHR engine operation has been studied so far by applying either first- or second-law balances. However, very few works have treated this subject during the very important transient operation, with the results limited to the engine speed response. For this purpose, an experimentally validated simulation code of the thermodynamic cycle of the engine during transient conditions is applied. This takes into account the transient operation of the fuel pump, the development of friction torque using a detailed per degree crank angle sub-model, while the equations for each cylinder are solved individually and sequentially. In this work, two common insulators of various thicknesses are considered for the engine in hand, viz. silicon nitride and plasma spray zirconia. The transient response of various engine (e.g. speed, volumetric efficiency, fuel pump rack position, brake mean effective pressure and specific fuel consumption) and turbocharger variables is depicted and analyzed, with the results compared to the non-insulated transient and the insulated steady-state operation. For a more in-depth analysis of transient engine heat transfer, the interesting phenomenon of the short-term temperature (cyclic) oscillations in the combustion chamber walls during transients needs to be studied. To this aim, the thermodynamic model of the engine is appropriately coupled to a wall periodic heat conduction model, which uses the gas temperature variation as boundary condition throughout the engine cycle after being treated by Fourier analysis techniques. The evolution of many variables during the transient engine cycles, such as the amplitude of oscillation or gradient of temperature swing is thus illustrated. Moreover, the simulation code is expanded in a way to include the second-law balance, as this may prove an interesting alternative to the first-law analysis. It is revealed that after a ramp increase in load, the second-law values unlike the first-law ones are heavily impacted by the insulation scheme applied. Combustion and total engine irreversibilities decrease significantly (up to 24% for the cases examined) with increasing insulation. Unfortunately, this decrease is not transformed into an increase in piston work but rather increases the potential for extra work recovery owing to the higher availability content of the exhaust gas.
Recommended Content
| Technical Paper | Heat Insulated Turbocompound Engine |
| Technical Paper | Heat Insulation of Combustion Chamber Walls — A Measure to Decrease the Fuel Consumption of I.C. Engines? |
| Technical Paper | Development of Plasma Spray Coated Cylinder Liners |
Authors
Topic
Citation
Rakopoulos, C. and Giakoumis, E., "Study of the Transient Operation of Low Heat Rejection Turbocharged Diesel Engine Including Wall Temperature Oscillations," SAE Technical Paper 2007-01-1091, 2007, https://doi.org/10.4271/2007-01-1091.Also In
References
- Annand, W. J. D. and Ma, T. H., ‘Instantaneous Heat Transfer Rates to the Cylinder Head Surface of a Small Compression-Ignition Engine’. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Vol. 185, pp. 976-987, 1970-71.
- Assanis, D.N. and Heywood, J.B., ‘Development and Use of a Computer Simulation of the Turbo-Compounded Diesel Engine Performance and Component Heat Transfer Studies’, SAE Paper No. 860329, 1986.
- Borman, G. and Nishiwaki, K., ‘Internal-Combustion Engine Heat Transfer’, Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, Vol. 13, pp. 1-46, 1987.
- Benson, R.S. and Whitehouse, N.D., Internal Combustion Engines, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1979.
- Heywood, J.B., Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1988.
- Bryzik, W. and Kamo, R., ‘Tacom/Cummins Adiabatic Engine Program’, SAE Paper No. 830314, 1983.
- Jennings, M.J. and Morel, T., ‘A Computational Study of Wall Temperature Effects on Engine Heat Transfer’, SAE Paper No. 910459, 1991.
- Alkidas, A.C., ‘Performance and Emissions Achievements with an Uncooled Heavy-Duty, Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine’, SAE Paper No. 890144, 1989.
- Assanis, D., Wiese, K., Schwartz, E. and Bryzik, W., ‘The Effects of Ceramic Coatings on Diesel Engine Performance and Exhaust Emissions’, SAE Paper No. 910460, 1991.
- Wong, V.W., Bauer, W., Kamo, R., Bryzik, W. and Reid, M., ‘Assessment of Thin Thermal Barrier Coatings for I.C. Engines’, SAE Paper No. 950980, 1995.
- Rakopoulos, C.D. and Mavropoulos, G.C.,‘Modeling the Transient Heat Transfer in the Ceramic Combustion Chamber Walls of a Low Heat Rejection Diesel Engine’, International Journal of Vehicle Design, Vol. 22, pp. 195-215, 1999.
- Rakopoulos, C.D. and Giakoumis, E.G., ‘Second-Law Analyses Applied to Internal Combustion Engine Operation’, Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, Vol. 32, pp. 2-47, 2006.
- Alkidas, A.C., ‘The Application of Availability and Energy Balances to a Diesel Engine’, ASME Transactions, Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, Vol. 110, pp. 462-469, 1988.
- Caton, J.A., ‘On the Destruction of Availability (Exergy) due to Combustion Processes - with Specific Application to Internal-Combustion Engines’, Energy, Vol. 25, pp. 1097-1117, 2000.
- Flynn, P.F., Hoag, K.L., Kamel, M.M. and Primus, R.J., ‘A New Perspective on Diesel Engine Evaluation Based on Second Law Analysis’, SAE Paper No. 840032, 1984.
- Primus, R.J., Hoag, K.L., Flynn, P.F. and Brands, M.C., ‘An Appraisal of Advanced Engine Concepts Using Second Law Analysis Techniques’, SAE Paper No. 841287, 1984.
- Watson, N., ‘Dynamic Turbocharged Diesel Engine Simulator for Electronic Control System Development’, ASME Transactions, Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement and Control, Vol. 106, pp. 27-45, 1984.
- Winterbone, D.E., ‘Transient Performance’, in J.H. Horlock and D.E. Winterbone (eds.) The Thermodynamics and Gas Dynamics of Internal Combustion Engines, Vol. II, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1986.
- Rakopoulos, C.D., Giakoumis, E.G., Hountalas, D.T. and Rakopoulos, D.C., ‘The Effect of Various Dynamic, Thermodynamic and Design Parameters on the Performance of a Turbocharged Diesel Engine Operating under Transient Load Conditions’, SAE Paper No. 2004-01-0926, 2004.
- Rakopoulos, C.D. and Giakoumis, E.G., ‘Review of Thermodynamic Diesel Engine Simulations under Transient Operating Conditions’, SAE Paper No. 2006-01-0884, 2006.
- Rakopoulos, C.D. and Giakoumis, E.G., ‘Sensitivity Analysis of Transient Diesel Engine Simulation’, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D, Journal of Automobile Engineering, Vol. 220, pp. 89-101, 2006.
- Keribar, R. and Morel, T., ‘Thermal Shock Calculations in I.C. Engines’, SAE Paper No. 870162, 1987.
- Schorn, N., Pischinger, F. and Schulte, H., ‘Computer Simulation of Turbocharged Diesel Engines under Transient Conditions’, SAE Paper No. 870723, 1987.
- Rakopoulos, C.D., Hountalas, D.T., Mavropoulos, G.C. and Giakoumis, E.G., ‘An Integrated Transient Analysis Simulation Model Applied in Thermal Loading Calculations of an Air-Cooled Diesel Engine under Variable Speed and Load Conditions’, SAE Paper No. 970634, 1997. Also in SAE Transactions, Journal of Engines, Vol. 106, pp. 923-939, 1997.
- Rakopoulos, C.D., Hountalas, D.T. and Mavropoulos, G.C., ‘Modeling the Structural Thermal Response of an Air-Cooled Diesel Engine under Transient Operation Including a Detailed Thermodynamic Description of Boundary Conditions’, SAE Paper No. 981024, 1998.
- Rakopoulos, C.D., Antonopoulos, K.A., Rakopoulos, D.C. and Giakoumis, E.G., ‘Investigation of the Temperature Oscillations in the Cylinder Walls of a Diesel Engine with Special Reference to the Limited Cooled Case’, International Journal of Energy Research, Vol. 28, pp. 977-1002, 2004.
- Rakopoulos, C.D., Rakopoulos, D.C., Mavropoulos, G.C. and Giakoumis, E.G., ‘Experimental and Theoretical Study of the Short Term Response Temperature Transients in the Cylinder Walls of a Diesel Engine at Various Operating Conditions’, Applied Thermal Engineering, Vol. 24, pp. 679-702, 2004.
- Yamada, Y., Emi, M., Ishii, H., Suzuki, Y., Kimura, S. and Enomoto, Y., ‘Heat Loss to the Combustion Chamber Wall with Deposit in D.I. Diesel Engine: Variation of Instantaneous Heat Flux on Piston Surface with Deposit’, JSAE Review, Vol. 23, pp. 415-421, 2002.
- Alkidas, A.C. and Myers, J.P., ‘Transient Heat-Flux Measurements in the Combustion Chamber of a Spark-Ignition Engine’, ASME Transactions, Journal of Heat Transfer, Vol. 104, pp. 62-67, 1982.
- Alkidas, A.C. and Cole, R.M., ‘Transient Heat-Flux Measurements in a Divided-Chamber Diesel Engine’, ASME Transactions, Journal of Heat Transfer, Vol. 107, pp. 439-444, 1985.
- Rakopoulos, C.D. and Mavropoulos, G.C., ‘Experimental Instantaneous Heat Fluxes in the Cylinder Head and Exhaust Manifold of an Air- Cooled Diesel Engine’, Energy Conversion and Management, Vol. 41, pp. 1265-1281, 2000.
- Whitehouse, N.D. and Way, R.G.B., ‘Rate of Heat Release In Diesel Engines and its Correlation with Fuel Injection Data’, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part 3J, Vol. 184, pp. 17-27, 1969-70.
- Gebhart, B., Heat Transfer, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1971.
- Myers, G.E., Analytical Methods in Conduction Heat Transfer, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1971.
- Eckert, E.R.G. and Drake, R.M. Jr., Heat and Mass Transfer (2nd edn), McGraw-Hill, New York, 1959.
- Churchill, R.V., Fourier Series and Boundary Value Problems, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1963.
- Rakopoulos, C.D. and Hountalas, D.T., ‘A Simulation Analysis of a DI Diesel Engine Fuel Injection System Fitted with a Constant Pressure Valve’, Energy Conversion and Management, Vol. 37, pp. 135-150, 1996.
- Taraza, D., Henein, N. and Bryzik, W., ‘Friction Losses in Multi-Cylinder Diesel Engines’, SAE Paper No. 2000-01-0921, 2000.
- Stanley, R., Taraza, D., Henein, N. and Bryzik, W., ‘A Simplified Model of the Piston Ring Assembly’, SAE Paper No. 1999-01-0974, 1999.
- Scwartz, E., Reid, M., Bryzik, W. and Danielson, E., ‘Combustion and Performance Characteristics of a Low Heat Rejection Engine’, SAE Paper No. 930988, 1993.
- Alkidas, A.C., ‘The Use of Availability and Energy Balances in Diesel Engines’, SAE Paper No. 890822, 1989.
- Rakopoulos, C.D., Andritsakis, E.C. and Kyritsis, D.C., ‘Availability Accumulation and Destruction in a DI Diesel Engine with Special Reference to the Limited Cooled Case’, Heat Recovery Systems and CHP, Vol. 13, pp. 261-276, 1993.
- Rakopoulos, C.D. and Giakoumis, E.G., ‘Availability Analysis of a Turbocharged Diesel Engine Operating under Transient Load Conditions’, Energy, Vol. 29, pp. 1085-1104, 2004.
- Rakopoulos C.D. and Giakoumis, E.G., ‘Parametric Study of Transient Turbocharged Diesel Engine Operation from the Second-Law Perspective’, SAE Paper No. 2004-01-1679, 2004.
- Van Gerpen, J.H. and Shapiro, H.N., ‘Second-Law Analysis of Diesel Engine Combustion’, ASME Transactions, Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, Vol. 112, pp. 129-137, 1990.