This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
CFD Optimisation of the In-Cylinder Flow Patterns in a Small Unit Displacement HSDI Diesel Engine for Off-Highway Applications
Technical Paper
2006-32-0001
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
The aim of the paper is to provide information about the in-cylinder flow field optimisation in a high speed, direct injection (HSDI) four valve per cylinder diesel engine for off-highway applications.
Fully transient CFD analyses of different valve profile strategies for the intake and compression strokes are at first performed, in order to evaluate the effects on both engine permeability and in-cylinder flow field evolution. Modifications are applied to each intake valve separately: gradually stretched cam profiles are imposed so that strategies range from the standard operation, i.e. the adoption of a unique cam profile for the two intake valves, up to the limit case characterized by a 40 % difference between the intake valves maximum valve lifts for three different engine conditions. Organized flow structures (i.e., swirl) and turbulent flow patterns are investigated, in order to address rules for ad-hoc strategies aiming at finding the best trade off between engine performance and pollutant emission.
The effectiveness of the valve strategies is validated by means of full injection and combustion simulations using state of the art models. At first, results for the base case are validated against experiments; subsequently, both full-load / peak-torque and mid-load / low-speed operations for the most promising cases are performed.
Relative valve profile strategies prove to strongly influence the flow field within the combustion chamber, and therefore the subsequent spray evolution and fuel combustion, confirming the importance of an ad-hoc optimization in order to meet the best trade-off between performance and pollutant emissions.
Recommended Content
Authors
Topic
Citation
Cantore, G., Fontanesi, S., Gagliardi, V., and Malaguti, S., "CFD Optimisation of the In-Cylinder Flow Patterns in a Small Unit Displacement HSDI Diesel Engine for Off-Highway Applications," SAE Technical Paper 2006-32-0001, 2006, https://doi.org/10.4271/2006-32-0001.Also In
References
- Kono, S. Nagao, A. Motooka, H. “Prediction of In-Cylindr Flow and Spray Formation Effects on Combustion in Direct Injection Diesel Engines” SAE Paper 850108 1985
- Shimada, T. Sakai, K. Kurihara, S. “Variable swirl Inlet System and its Effect on Diesel Performance and missions SAE Paper 861185 1985
- Rao, K.K. Winterborne, D.E. Clough, E. “Influence of Swirl on High Pressure Injection in a Hydra Diesel Engine” SAE Paper 930978 1993
- Kawashima, J. Ogawa, H. Tsuru, Y. “Research on a Variable Swirl Intake Port for 4-Valve High Speed DI Diesel Engines” SAE Paper 982680 1998
- Needham, J.R. Whelan, S. “Meeting the Challenge of Low Emissions and Fuel Economy with the Ricardo Four-Valve HSDI Engine” Proceedings of IMechE, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 208 181 190 1994
- Edwards, S.P. Penney, I.J. Ross-Martin, T.J. “The Development of the Ricardo Ceres HSDI Diesel Engine Passenger Car for Euro 3 and Beyond” 4th International Conference of the Automotive Industry and the Environment Brussels 1996
- Fiorenza, R. Pirelli, M. Torella, E. Pallotti, P. Kapus, P.E. Kokalj, G. Lebenbauer, M. “VVT+Port Deactivation Application on a Small Displacement SI 4 Cylinder 16V Engine: An Effective Way to Reduce Vehicle Fuel Consumption” SAE paper 2003-01-0020 2003
- Sugimoto, C. Nishizawa, K. Fukuo, K. “A Valve Train for a four-valve lean burn engine, reconciling low fuel consumption and high power” SAE Paper 988482 1998
- Shenghua, L. Ou, C.J. Won, J. “Development of a New Swirl System and Its Effect on DI Diesel Engine Economy” SAE Paper 1999-01-2889 1999
- Flierl, R. Kluting, M “The Third Generation of Valvetrains - New Fully Variable Valvetrains for Throttle-Free Load Control” SAE paper 2000-01-1227 2000
- Kreuter, P. Heuser, P. et alii “Meta - CVD System. An Electro-Mechanical Cylinder and Valve Deactivation System” SAE paper 2001-01-0240 2001
- Computational Dynamics “STAR-CD User Guide” 2004 London (UK) STAR
- Computational Dynamics “STAR-CD Methodology” 2004 London (UK)
- Yakhot, V. Orszag, S.A. ‘Renormalization group analysis of turbulence - I: Basic theory’ J. Scientific Computing 1 1 51
- Yakhot, V. Orszag, S.A. Thangam, S. Gatski, T.B. Speziale, C.G. ‘Development of turbulence models for shear flows by a double expansion technique’ Phys. Fluids A4 7 1510 1520
- Huh, K.Y. Gosman, A.D. ‘A phenomenological model of Diesel spray atomisation’ Proc. Int. Conf. on Multiphase Flows (ICMF '91) Tsukuba 24-27 September
- Reitz, R.D. Diwakar, R. ‘Effect of drop breakup on fuel sprays’ SAE Technical Paper Series 860469
- Reitz, R.D. Diwakar, R. ‘Structure of high-pressure fuel spray’ SAE Technical Paper Series 870598
- O'Rourke, P.J. “Collective Drop Effects on Vaporising Liquid Sprays” University of Princeton
- Bai, C. Gosman, A.D. ‘Development of methodology for spray impingement simulation’ SAE Technical Paper Series 950283
- Versteeg, H. K. Malalasekera, W. “An introduction to computational fluid dynamics. The finite volume method” Longman 1995
- Fontanesi, S. Gagliardi, V. Malaguti, S. Mattarelli, E. ‘CFD parametric analysis of the combustion chamber shape in a small HSDI Diesel engine’ SAE Technical Paper Series 2005-32-94