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Tire Asymmetries and Pressure Variations in the Radt/Milliken Nondimensional Tire Model
Technical Paper
2006-01-1968
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
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English
Abstract
The Nondimensional Tire Model is based on the idea of data compression to load-independent curves. Through the use of appropriate transforms, tire data can be manipulated such that, when plotted in nondimensional coordinates, all data falls on a single curve. This leads to a highly efficient and mathematically consistent tire model.
In the past, data for slip angle and slip ratio has been averaged across positive and negative values for use with the transforms. In this paper, techniques to handle tire asymmetries in lateral and longitudinal force are presented. This is an important advance, since in passenger cars driving/braking data is almost always asymmetric and, depending on tire construction, lateral force data may follow likewise.
In addition, this paper is the first to explore the inclusion of inflation pressure as an operating variable in the Nondimensional Tire Theory. Inflation pressure affects the shape of the tire curves, notably the linear range stiffness and peak force friction coefficient. With this new variable, the operating conditions addressed by Nondimensional Tire Theory now include slip angle, slip ratio, inclination angle, normal load, surface friction coefficient and inflation pressure.
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Authors
Citation
Kasprzak, E., Lewis, K., and Milliken, D., "Tire Asymmetries and Pressure Variations in the Radt/Milliken Nondimensional Tire Model," SAE Technical Paper 2006-01-1968, 2006, https://doi.org/10.4271/2006-01-1968.Also In
SAE 2006 Transactions Journal of Passenger Cars: Mechanical Systems
Number: V115-6; Published: 2007-03-30
Number: V115-6; Published: 2007-03-30
References
- Milliken, W.F. “High Camber Tests of Treaded and Smooth Motorcycle Tires on Calspan Tire Research Facility” January 1975
- SAE J670e “Vehicle Dynamics Terminology” Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096 June 1978
- Radt, H.S. Milliken W.F. “Motions of Skidding Automobiles” SAE Paper Number 205A SAE Summer Meeting Chicago, IL June 5-10 1960
- Fiala, E. “Seitenkrafte am Rollenden Luftreifen” (“Lateral Forces on Rolling Pneumatic Tires”) Zeitschrift V.D.I. 96 29 October 11 1954 973 979
- Milliken, W.F. Milliken D.L. “Race Car Vehicle Dynamics” SAE International Warrendale, PA 1995
- Bakker, E. Nyborg L. Pacejka H.B. “Tire Modeling for Use in Vehicle Studies” SAE Paper No. 870421 SAE Warrendale, PA 1987
- Radt, H.S. Glemming D.A. “Normalization of Tire Force Moment Data” Tire Science and Technology TSTCA 21 2 April-June 1993 91 119
- Schuring, D.J. Pelz W. Pottinger M.G. “The BNPS Model - An Automated Implementation of the Magic Formula Concept” SAE Paper No. 931909 SAE Warrendale, PA 1993