This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Filtration and Regeneration Performance of a Catalyzed Metal Foam Particulate Filter
Technical Paper
2006-01-1524
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
The objective of this study is to present a particulate filter concept, based on a new porous material: INCOFOAM® HighTemp, a Ni-based superalloy foam. The paper examines the filtration and pressure drop characteristics as well as the regeneration performance of different filter configurations, based on experimental data and modeling.
A number of different foam structures with variable pore characteristics are studied. The experimental testing covers flow and pressure drop behavior with air and exhaust gas, filtration efficiency measurements as function of particle size and regeneration rate measurements. The testing starts from mini-scale reactors and proceeds to real exhaust testing on the engine bench as well as vehicle tests on the chassis dynamometer and on-road. In parallel, a previously developed mathematical model is applied to study and understand the filtration and pressure drop mechanisms in the case of clean and soot loaded filters. Moreover, CFD studies are also employed to optimize the macroscopic structure of the metal foam filter.
The results show that the foam filter has a potential for reaching a filtration efficiency of the order of 90% at an acceptably low pressure drop. This can be accomplished by a proper macroscopic design of the filter, as well as careful selection of the microscopic pore size parameters. For the case of catalyst coated foams, the regeneration rates measured at low temperatures are very high, suggesting a superior exploitation of the catalyst compared to conventional coated wall-flow filter concepts. Finally, dedicated experimental tests indicate that no blow-off of the accumulated soot is observed even during severe operating modes.
Recommended Content
Authors
Topic
Citation
Koltsakis, G., Katsaounis, D., Samaras, Z., Naumann, D. et al., "Filtration and Regeneration Performance of a Catalyzed Metal Foam Particulate Filter," SAE Technical Paper 2006-01-1524, 2006, https://doi.org/10.4271/2006-01-1524.Also In
References
- Watabe Y. Irako K. Miyajima T. Yoshimoto T. Murakami Y. “Trapless Trap - A Catalytic Combustion System of Diesel Particulates Using Ceramic Foam” SAE 830082 1983
- Tutko J. J. Lestz S. S. Brockmeyer J. W. Dore J. E. “Feasibility of Ceramic Foam as a Diesel Particulate Trap” SAE paper 840073 1984
- Kiyota Y. Tsuji K. Kume S. Nakayama O. “Development of Diesel Particulate Trap Oxidizer System” SAE paper 860294 1986
- Mizrah T. Maurer A. Gauckler L. Gabathuler J.-P. “Open-Pore Ceramic Foam as Diesel Particulate Filter” SAE paper 890172 1989
- Gabathuler J.-P. Mizrah T. Eckert L. Fischer A. Kaeser P. Maurer A. “New Developments of Ceramic Foam as a Diesel Particulate Filter” SAE paper 910325 1991
- Saracco G. Audinet M. Debenedetti M. Webster D. Michelin J. Montintin J. Makkee M. Stamatelos A. “Catalytic Trap for Diesel Particulate Control - CATATRAP” European Automotive Congress 1999 Barcelona, Spain
- Boretto G. Debenedetti M. “Innovative Materials and Catalysts for Diesel Particulate Control” Global Powertrain Congress Detroit 2001
- Ambrogio M. Saracco G. Specchia V. “Combining filtration and Catalytic Combustion in Particulate Traps for Diesel Exhaust Treatment” Chemical Engineering Science 56 2001 1613 1621
- Setiabudi A. Makkee M. Moulijn A. “An Optimal Usage of NOx in a Combined Pt/Ceramic Foam and a Wall-Flow Monolith for an Effective NOx-Assisted Diesel Soot Oxidation” SAE paper 2003-01-0379 2003
- Ciambelli P. Palma V. Russo P. Vaccaro S. “Deep Filtration and Catalytic Oxidation: an Effective Way for Soot Removal” Catalysis Today 73 2002 363 370
- Cheng S. “Rolling Regeneration Trap for Diesel Particulate Control” SAE paper 2003-01-3178 2003
- Ciambelli P. Palma V. Russo P. Vaccaro S. “Issues on Soot Removal from Exhaust Gases by Means of Radial Flow Ceramic Traps” Chemical Engineering Science 60 2005 1619 1627
- Naumann D. Saberi, S. Boehm A. “Development and optimization of a new high temperature and corrosion stable material -INCOFOAM® HighTemp- for application in diesel exhaust aftertreatment systems” SAE International Conference 2006 sumbitted
- Ntziachristos, L. Giechaskiel, B. Pistikopoulos, P. Samaras, Z. Mathis, U. Mohr, M. Ristimäki, J. Keskinen, J. Mikkanen, P. Casati, R. Scheer, V. Vogt, R. 2004 “Performance evaluation of a novel sampling and measurement system for exhaust particle characterization.” SAE Technology Paper 2004-01-1439
- Bai R. Tien C. “Particle Detachment in Deep Bed Filtration” Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 186 307 317 1997
- Computational Dynamics Star-CD, Users Guide and Methodology 2002
- Koltsakis, G.C. Haralampous O. A. Margaritis N. K. C. K. Samaras Z. C. Vogt C.D. Ohara E. Watanabe Y. Mizutani T. “3-Dimensional Modeling of the Regeneration in SiC Diesel Particulate Filters” (SAE 2005-01-0953 ), SAE International Congress Detroit, USA 2005
- Andrè, M. 2004 “The ARTEMIS European driving cycles for measuring car pollutant emissions.” Science of the Total Environment 334 335 73 84
- Pontikakis G. N. Koltsakis G.C. Stamatelos A. M. “Dynamic Filtration Modeling in Foam Filters for Diesel Exhaust” Chemical Engineering Communications 2001 188 21 46
- Kirsch A. A. Stechkina I. B. “The theory of Aerosol Filtration with Fibrous Filters” “Fundamentals of Aerosol Science” Shaw D. T. John Wiley & Sons New York 1978
- Oh S.H. MacDonald J.S. Vaneman G. L. Hegedus L.L. “Mathematical Modeling of Fibrous Filters for Diesel Particulates - Theory and Experiment” SAE paper 810113 1981
- Shadman F. Bissett E. “Analysis of Thermal Regeneration of Fibrous Diesel Particulate Filters” Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev. 1983 22 203 208
- Garner C. P. Dent J. C. “A Thermal Regeneration Model for Monolithic and Fibrous Diesel Particulate Traps” SAE paper 8800007 1988
- Richardson J. T. Remue D. Hung J. -K. “Properties of ceramic foam catalyst supports mass and heat transfer” Applied Catalysis A: General 250 2003 319 329
- Giani L. Groppi G. Tronconi E “Mass transfer characterization of metallic foams as supports for structured catalysts” 2005
- Koltsakis, G.C. Konstantinidis, P.A. Stamatelos A.M. “Development and Application Range of Mathematical Models for Automotive 3-Way Catalytic Converters.” Applied Catalysis: Environmental 12 2-3 161 191 1997
- Kandylas, I. Koltsakis G.C. Stamatelos A.M. “Mathematical Modelling of Precious Metals Catalytic Converters for Diesel NOx Reduction.” Proc. Inst. Mech. Engrs., Part D: Journal of Automotive Engineering 213 1999 279 292
- Kandylas I. P. Haralampous O. A. Koltsakis G. C “Diesel Soot Oxidation with NO2: Engine Experiments and Simulations” Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 41 5372 5384 2002
- Haralampous O. A. Dardiotis C. Koltsakis, G.C. Samaras Z. “Study of Catalytic Regeneration Mechanisms in Diesel Particulate Filters using Coupled Reaction-Diffusion Modeling” SAE Transactions: Journal of Fuels & Lubricants (SAE 2004-01-1941 ) 2004
- Watabe Y. Irako K. Miyajima T. Yoshimoto T. Murakami Y. “Trapless Trap - A Catalytic Combustion System of Diesel Particulates Using Ceramic Foam” SAE 830082 1983
- Tutko J. J. Lestz S. S. Brockmeyer J. W. Dore J. E. “Feasibility of Ceramic Foam as a Diesel Particulate Trap” SAE paper 840073 1984
- Kiyota Y. Tsuji K. Kume S. Nakayama O. “Development of Diesel Particulate Trap Oxidizer System” SAE paper 860294 1986
- Mizrah T. Maurer A. Gauckler L. Gabathuler J.-P. „Open-Pore Ceramic Foam as Diesel Particulate Filter” SAE paper 890172 1989
- Gabathuler J.-P. Mizrah T. Eckert L. Fischer A. Kaeser P. Maurer A. „New Developments of Ceramic Foam as a Diesel Particulate Filter” SAE paper 910325 1991
- Saracco G. Audinet M. Debenedetti M. Webster D. Michelin J. Montintin J. Makkee M. Stamatelos A. „Catalytic Trap for Diesel Particulate Control - CATATRAP” European Automotive Congress 1999 Barcelona, Spain
- Boretto G. Debenedetti M. “Innovative Materials and Catalysts for Diesel Particulate Control” Global Powertrain Congress Detroit 2001
- Ambrogio M. Saracco G. Specchia V. “Combining filtration and Catalytic Combustion in Particulate Traps for Diesel Exhaust Treatment” Chemical Engineering Science 56 2001 1613 1621
- Setiabudi A. Makkee M. Moulijn A. „An Optimal Usage of NO x in a Combined Pt/Ceramic Foam and a Wall-Flow Monolith for an Effective NO x -Assisted Diesel Soot Oxidation” SAE paper 2003-01-0379 2003
- Ciambelli P. Palma V. Russo P. Vaccaro S. “Deep Filtration and Catalytic Oxidation: an Effective Way for Soot Removal” Catalysis Today 73 2002 363 370
- Cheng S. “Rolling Regeneration Trap for Diesel Particulate Control” SAE paper 2003-01-3178 2003
- Ciambelli P. Palma V. Russo P. Vaccaro S. “Issues on Soot Removal from Exhaust Gases by Means of Radial Flow Ceramic Traps” Chemical Engineering Science 60 2005 1619 1627
- Naumann D. Saberi, S. Boehm A. “Development and optimization of a new high temperature and corrosion stable material -INCOFOAM® HighTemp- for application in diesel exhaust aftertreatment systems” SAE International Conference 2006
- Ntziachristos, L. Giechaskiel, B. Pistikopoulos, P. Samaras, Z. Mathis, U. Mohr, M. Ristimäki, J. Keskinen, J. Mikkanen, P. Casati, R. Scheer, V. Vogt, R. 2004 “Performance evaluation of a novel sampling and measurement system for exhaust particle characterization.” SAE Technology Paper 2004-01-1439
- Bai R. Tien C. “Particle Detachment in Deep Bed Filtration” Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 186 307 317 1997
- Computational Dynamics Star-CD, Users Guide and Methodology 2002
- Koltsakis, G.C. Haralampous O. A. Margaritis N. K. C. K. Samaras Z. C. Vogt C.D. Ohara E. Watanabe Y. Mizutani T. 3-Dimensional Modeling of the Regeneration in SiC Diesel Particulate Filters (SAE 2005-01-0953 ), SAE International Congress Detroit, USA 2005
- Andrè, M. 2004 The ARTEMIS European driving cycles for measuring car pollutant emissions Science of the Total Environment 334 335 73 84
- Pontikakis G. N. Koltsakis G.C. Stamatelos A. M. ‘Dynamic Filtration Modeling in Foam Filters for Diesel Exhaust’ Chemical Engineering Communications 2001 Vol. 188 pp. 21 46
- Kirsch A. A. Stechkina I. B. “The theory of Aerosol Filtration with Fibrous Filters” “Fundamentals of Aerosol Science” Shaw D. T. John Wiley & Sons New York 1978
- Oh S.H. MacDonald J.S. Vaneman G. L. Hegedus L.L. “Mathematical Modeling of Fibrous Filters for Diesel Particulates - Theory and Experiment” SAE paper 810113 1981
- Shadman F. Bissett E. “Analysis of Thermal Regeneration of Fibrous Diesel Particulate Filters” Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev. 1983 22 203 208
- Garner C. P. Dent J. C. “A Thermal Regeneration Model for Monolithic and Fibrous Diesel Particulate Traps” SAE paper 8800007 1988
- Richardson J. T. Remue D. Hung J. -K. “Properties of ceramic foam catalyst supports mass and heat transfer” Applied Catalysis A: General 250 2003 319 329
- Giani L. Groppi G. Tronconi E “Mass transfer characterization of metallic foams as supports for structured catalysts” 2005
- Koltsakis, G.C. Konstantinidis, P.A. Stamatelos A.M. “Development and Application Range of Mathematical Models for Automotive 3-Way Catalytic Converters.” Applied Catalysis: Environmental Vol. 12 Issue 2-3 pp. 161 191 1997
- Kandylas, I. Koltsakis G.C. Stamatelos A.M. Mathematical Modelling of Precious Metals Catalytic Converters for Diesel NOx Reduction Proc. Inst. Mech. Engrs., Part D: Journal of Automotive Engineering Vol. 213 ( 1999 ), pp. 279 292
- Kandylas I. P. Haralampous O. A. Koltsakis G. C “Diesel Soot Oxidation with NO 2 : Engine Experiments and Simulations” Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 41 pp. 5372 5384 2002
- Haralampous O. A. Dardiotis C. Koltsakis, G.C. Samaras Z. Study of Catalytic Regeneration Mechanisms in Diesel Particulate Filters using Coupled Reaction-Diffusion Modeling SAE Transactions: Journal of Fuels & Lubricants (SAE 2004-01-1941 ) 2004