This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Research on Particle Emissions of Modern 2-Stroke Scooters
Technical Paper
2006-01-1078
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
Limited and nonlimited emissions of scooters were analysed during several annual research programs of the Swiss Agency of Environment Forests and Landscape (SAEFL, BUWAL)*).
Small scooters, which are very much used in the congested centers of several cities are a remarkable source of air pollution. Therefore every effort to reduce the emissions is an important contribution to improve the air quality in urban centers.
In the present work detailed investigations of particle emissions of different 2-stroke scooters with direct injection and with carburetor were performed.
The nanoparticulate emissions with different lube oils and fuels were measured by means of SMPS, (CPC) and NanoMet *). Also the particle mass emission (PM) was measured with the same method as for Diesel engines.
Extensive analyses of PM-residuum for PAH & SOF/INSOF, as well as for VOC were carried out in an international project network.
It can be stated, that the oil and fuel quality have a considerable influence on the particle emissions, which are mainly oil condensates.
The engine technology influences the (nano)particle emissions by: mixture preparation, mixture tuning, oil consumption, postoxidation, quality, condition and temperature of the catalyst.
Since the particulate emission of the 2-S consists mainly of lube oil condensates the minimization of oil consumption stays always an important goal.
The amount of total PAH, as well as the toxicity equivalence factor TEQ correlate roughly with the total particle mass PM.
Recommended Content
Authors
Topic
Citation
Czerwinski, J., Comte, P., Larsen, B., Martini, G. et al., "Research on Particle Emissions of Modern 2-Stroke Scooters," SAE Technical Paper 2006-01-1078, 2006, https://doi.org/10.4271/2006-01-1078.Also In
References
- Czerwinski J. ; Comte P. ; Napoli S Wili Ph. Summer Cold Start and Nanoparticulates of Small Scooters Report B086 for BUWAL (SAEFL) Bern, Lab. For Exhaust Gas Control Univ. of Appl. Sciences Biel-Bienne, Switzerland Nov. 2000 SAE Techn. Paper 2002-01-1096
- Czerwinski J. ; Comte P. ; Wili Ph. Summer Cold Start, Limited Emissions and Nanoparticles of 4-stroke Motorcycles Final report 2001 for BUWAL, Lab. for Exhaust Gas Control Univ. of Appl. Sciences Biel-Bienne, Switzerland Nov. 2001 SAE Techn. Paper 2003-32-0025
- Czerwinski J. ; Comte P. ; Wili Ph. Summer Cold Start and emissions of different 2- wheelers Final report 2002 for BUWAL, Lab. For Exhaust Gas Control Univ. of Appl. Sciences Biel-Bienne, Switzerland Nov. 2002
- Czerwinski J. ; Comte P. : Limited Emissions and Nanoparticles of a Scooter with 2-stroke Direct Injection (TSDI) SAE Techn. Paper 2003-01-2314
- Czerwinski J. ; Comte P. ; Wili, Ph. Emission Factors and Influences on Particle Emissions of Modern 2-Stroke Scooters Report B139 for BUWAL (SAEFL) Bern, Lab. for Exh. Gas Control Univ. of Appl. Sciences Biel-Bienne, Switzerland Oct. 2003
- IEA, International Energy Agency Implementing Agreement AMF, Advanced Motor Fuels www.iea-amf.vtt.fi
- Weilenmann M. ; Rudy C. ; Novak Ph : Catalyst Behaviour and Emissions of 50ccm Two Stroke Scooters over the first 1'000 km 14 th International Conference “Transport and Air Polltion” TU Graz, A June 2005 3-902465-16-6 85-2 164
- Picini P. ; Messale F. ; Manni C. ; Spezzano P. ; Cataldi D. ; Santino D. ; Donato E. Two Stroke Mopeds and Four Stroke Scooters: Cold and Hot Total Mass Particulate Emissions ENEA Italy & Municipality of Rome 14 th International Conference “Transport and Air Polltion” TU Graz, A June 2005
- Anderson J. ; Lance D. ; Jemma C. DfT motorcycle Emissions Measurement Programmes: Unregulated Emissions Results. Ricardo Consulting Engineers UK Paper JSAE 20030335
- Laimböck F. ; Trigg R. ; Kirchberger R. ; Meister G. ; Dorfstätter M. ; Brasseur G. HYC - A Hybrid Concept with Small Lean Burn Engine, Electrically Heated Catalyst and Asynchronous Motor for Enhanced Performance and ULEV Level Emissions SAE Paper 991330 AVL Graz Yamaha Europe Technical University, Graz
- Martini G. ; Bonnel P. ; Krasenbrink A. ; De Santi G. Particulate Emissions from Mopeds: Effect of Lubricant and Fuel EU Joint Research Centre Ispra 7th ETH Conference on Combustion Generated Nanoparticles Zurich, CH Aug. 2003 www.nanoparticles.ethz.ch
- Schramm, J. Knudsen, C. Mandrupsen, M. Thorhauge, C. “Emissions from a Moped Fuelled by Gasoline/Ethanol Mixtures” Proceedings of the 15 th International Symposium on Alcohol Fuels (ISAF XV) September 26 28 1 11 2005
- Czerwinski J. ; Comte P. ; Reutimann, F. : Nanoparticle Emissions of a DI 2-Stroke Scooter with varying Oil- and Fuel Quality SAE Techn. Paper 2005-01-1101
- Czerwinski J. ; Comte P. ; Mosimann Th. ; Kasper M. ; Mayer A. : Research of sampling for Particle Analysis of 2-Storke Scooters AFHB TTM Matter Eng. 9 th ETH Conference on Combustion Generated Nanoparticles Zürich Aug. 15-17 2005 www.nanoparticles.ethz.ch
- Astorga C. : Emissions of Particle-bound PAH of 2-S-Scooters with Different Combinations of Oil/Fuel/Engine Technology EU JRC Ispra Italy 9 th ETH Conference on Combustion Generated Nanoparticles Zürich Aug. 15-17 2005 www.nanoparticles.ethz.ch
- Czerwinski J. ; Comte P. ; Pétermann J-L. ; Zimmerli Y. Wili Ph. ; Clénin M. ; Kasper M. ; Mosimann Th. Influence on particle Emissions of Modern 2-Stroke Scooters 1 st & 2 nd report of the Swiss Joint Project A AFHB Nov. 04 May 05 June oct. 05