This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Head Kinematics and Upper Neck Loading During Simulated Low-Speed Rear-End Collisions: A Comparison With Vigorous Activities of Daily Living
Technical Paper
2006-01-0247
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
Several studies have sought to investigate the biomechanics associated with “whiplash syndrome” by evaluating head kinematics in simulated low-speed rear-end collisions. However, the present study is the first to comprehensively measure head accelerations in six degrees of freedom for the purpose of estimating upper neck loads. In the first phase of the study, nine volunteers were instrumented with a sensor package to measure three-dimensional linear accelerations and angular velocities of the head during rear-end impacts while riding an amusement park bumper car. In the second phase, thirty volunteers were instrumented with the same sensors during selected vigorous activities, including hopping and skipping rope. The linear and rotational head accelerations as well as the calculated upper neck forces and moments for the two groups are presented and compared.
Recommended Content
Authors
Citation
Vijayakumar, V., Scher, I., Gloeckner, D., Pierce, J. et al., "Head Kinematics and Upper Neck Loading During Simulated Low-Speed Rear-End Collisions: A Comparison With Vigorous Activities of Daily Living," SAE Technical Paper 2006-01-0247, 2006, https://doi.org/10.4271/2006-01-0247.Also In
SAE 2006 Transactions Journal of Passenger Cars: Mechanical Systems
Number: V115-6; Published: 2007-03-30
Number: V115-6; Published: 2007-03-30
References
- Severy, D.M. Mathewson J.H. Bechtol C.O. Controlled automobile rearend collisions, an investigation of related engineering and medical phenomena. Can Serv Med J 1955 11 10 727 59
- Mertz, H.J. Patrick L.M. Investigation of the kinematics and kinetics of whiplash Proceedings of the 11th Stapp Car Crash Conference . 1967
- McConnell, W.E. et al. Analysis of human test subject kinematic responses to low velocity rear end impacts Proceedings of the International Congress and Exposition 1993 Detroit, Michigan
- Siegmund, G.P. Williamson P.B. Speed change of amusement park bumper cars Proceedings of the Canadian Multidisciplinary Road Safety Conference VIII 1993 Saskatoon, Saskatchewan
- West, D.H. Gough J.P. Harper G.T.K. Low speed rear-end collision testing using human subjects. Accident Reconstruction Journal 1993 May/June 22 26
- Matsushita, T. et al. X-ray study of the human neck motion due to head inertia loading Proceedings of the 38th Stapp Car Crash Conference 1994 Ft. Lauderdale, Florida Society of Automotive Engineers
- Szabo, T.J. et al. Human occupant kinematic response to low speed rear-end impacts Proceedings of the 38th Stapp Car Crash Conference 1994
- McConnell, W.E. et al. Human head and neck kinematics after low velocity rear-end impacts -Understanding “whiplash” Proceedings of the 39th Stapp Car Crash Conference 1995
- Ono, K. Kanno M. Influences of the physical parameters on the risk to neck injuries in low impact speed rear-end collisions. Accid Anal Prev 1996 28 4 493 9
- Castro, W.H. et al. Do “whiplash injuries” occur in low-speed rear impacts? Eur Spine J 1997 6 6 366 75
- Nielsen, G.P. et al. Human subject responses to repeated low speed impacts using utility vehicles Proceedings of the International Congress & Exposition 1997 Detroit, Michigan
- Ono, K. et al. Cervical injury mechanism based on the analysis of human cervical vertebral motion and head-neck-torso kinematics during low speed rear impacts Proceedings of the 41st Stapp Conference 1997
- Siegmund, G.P. et al. Head/neck kinematic response of human subjects in low-speed rear-end collisions Proceedings of 41st Stapp Car Crash Conference 1997
- Kroonenberg, A. et al. Human head-neck response during low-speed rear end impacts Proceedings of the 42nd Stapp Car Crash Conference 1998
- Goodwin, V. et al. Vehicle and occupant response in low speed car to barrier override impacts Proceedings of the International Congress and Exposition 1999 Detroit, Michigan
- Siegmund, G.P. et al. Rapid neck muscle adaptation alters the head kinematics of aware and unaware subjects undergoing multiple whiplash-like perturbations. J Biomech 2003 36 4 473 82
- Kumar, S. Ferrari R. Narayan Y. Kinematic and electromyographic response to whiplash-type impacts. Effects of head rotation and trunk flexion: summary of research. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2005 20 6 553 68
- Mertz, H.J. Patrick L.M. Strength and response of the human neck Proceedings of the 15th Stapp Car Crash Conference 1971 Society of Automotive Engineers Warrendale, PA
- McElhaney, J.H. Roberts V.L. Hilyard J.F. Handbook of human tolerance 1976 Tokyo Japan Automobile Research Institute, Inc.(JARI)
- Mertz, H.J. et al. An assessment of the compressive neck loads under injury-producing conditions Hybrid III: The First Human-like Crash Test Dummy Backaitis S.H. Mertz H.J. 1978 Society of Automotive Engineers Warrendale, PA 495 519
- Nyquist, G.W. et al. Correlation of field injuries and GM hybrid III dummy responses for lap-shoulder belt restraint. J Biomech Eng 1980 102 2 103 9
- Mertz, H.J. et al. Response of animals exposed to deployment of various passenger inflatable restraint system concepts for a variety of collision severities and animal positions Proceedings of the 9th Experimental Safety Vehicle Conference 1982 Kyoto, Japan
- Mertz, H.J. Irwin A.L. Prasad P. Biomechanical and scaling bases for frontal and side impact injury assessment reference values. Stapp Car Crash Journal 2003 47 October 155 188
- NHTSA FMVSS No. 202 Head Restraints for Passenger Vehicles Final Rule, Final Regulatory Impact Analysis, Docket No. NHTSA-2004-19807 November 2004 U.S. Department of Transportation, Office of Regulatory Analysis and Evaluation, National Center for Statistics and Analysis
- Duma, S.M. et al. Analysis of real-time head accelerations in collegiate football players. Clin J Sport Med 2005 15 1 3 8
- Allen, M.E. et al. Acceleration perturbations of daily living. A comparison to 'whiplash'. Spine 1994 19 11 1285 90
- Zatsiorsky, V. Seluyanov V. Estimation of the mass and inertia characteristics of the human body by means of the best predictive regression equations Biomechanics IX-B Winter D.A. et al. 1985 Human Kinetics Champaign, IL 233 239
- Culver, C.C. Neathery R.F. Mertz H.J. Mechanical necks with humanlike responses. Society of Automotive Engineers 1972 61 75
- Margulies, S.S. Thibault L.E. A proposed tolerance criterion for diffuse axonal injury in man. J Biomech 1992 25 8 917 23
- Zhang, L. Yang K.H. King A.I. A proposed injury threshold for mild traumatic brain injury. J Biomech Eng 2004 126 2 226 36
- Pellman, E.J. et al. Concussion in professional football: reconstruction of game impacts and injuries. Neurosurgery 2003 53 4 799 812
- Castro, W.H. et al. No stress-no whiplash? Prevalence of “whiplash” symptoms following exposure to a placebo rear-end collision. Int J Legal Med 2001 114 6 316 22