This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Scallion (Allium fistulosum L.) Pungency Regulated by Genetic Makeup and Environmental Conditions (Light and CO2)
Technical Paper
2005-01-2770
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
To facilitate the selection of a palatable and functional food, eight green onions grown under either cool-white fluorescent lamps (CWF) or high pressure sodium lamps (HPS) were compared for their pungency, tissue nitrate and sulfate status. The effect of lighting intensity and atmospheric CO2 levels on pungency of a selected cultivar was also investigated. Results demonstrate that there was a difference in pungency not only among cultivars, but also between tissue types and developmental stages. The pungency was inversely correlated with nitrate level in tissue, and light quality had profound impact on tissue nitrate level. Pungency in the pseudobulb and leaf of green onion responded differently to increased light intensity and elevated CO2. The effect could be mostly explained by the relative accumulation rates of the flavor precursors and biomass. The combination of low light and high CO2 conditions anticipated in enclosed space environments provided equivalent amount of edible biomass, and quality of food in terms of pungency as in the combination of high light and ambient CO2. This study raised several interesting questions. For instance, should green onion be consumed immediately after harvest due to the high nitrate level, or should different horticultural practices (nutrient and light regime) be implemented to reduce the nitrate level? What effect would these strategies have on the vegetable's other quality traits? Does alternative lighting have repercussion for food quality, particularly in nitrate level?
Authors
- Lanfang Levine - Dynamac Corporation, Space Life Sciences Laboratory, Kennedy Space Center
- Jan Bauer - Dynamac Corporation, Space Life Sciences Laboratory, Kennedy Space Center
- Sharon Edney - Dynamac Corporation, Space Life Sciences Laboratory, Kennedy Space Center
- Jeffrey Richards - Dynamac Corporation, Space Life Sciences Laboratory, Kennedy Space Center
- Neil Yorio - Dynamac Corporation, Space Life Sciences Laboratory, Kennedy Space Center
- Kunyu Li - Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University
- Paul W. Paré - Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University
- Ray Wheeler - NASA Biological Sciences, Kennedy Space Center
Topic
Citation
Levine, L., Bauer, J., Edney, S., Richards, J. et al., "Scallion (Allium fistulosum L.) Pungency Regulated by Genetic Makeup and Environmental Conditions (Light and CO2)," SAE Technical Paper 2005-01-2770, 2005, https://doi.org/10.4271/2005-01-2770.Also In
References
- Augusti K.T. 1990 Therapeutic and medicinal values of onion and garlic In Alliums and Allied Crops Rabinowitch H. Brewster J. III 94 108 CRC Press Boca Raton, FL, US
- Block A. 1992 The organosulfur chemistry of the genus Allium : implications for the organic chemistry of sulfur Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Eng. 31 1135 1178
- Briggs W.H. Goldman I.L. 2002 Variation in economically and ecologically important traits in onion plant organs during reproductive development Plant Cell and Environment 25 1031 1037
- Debaene J.P. Goldman I.L. Yandell B. 1999 Post harvest flux and genotype x environment effects for onion induced antiplatelet activity, pungency, and soluble solids in long-day onion during post harvest cold storage J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 124 366 372
- Dionex AN 135 “determination of inorganic anions in wastewater by ion chromatography”
- Edney S.L. Yorio N.C. Stutte G.W. Monje O.A. Wheeler R.M. 2003 Comparison of bunching onion (Allium fistulosum L.) grown under high pressure sodium and cool white fluorescent lamps 203 206 Proceedings of 3 rd plant growth regulation society of America August 3-6 Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Galmarini C.R. Goldman I.L. Havey M.J. 2001 Genetic analyses of correlated solids, flavor and health-enhancing traits in onion ( Allium cepa L.) Mol Genet Genomics 265 543 551
- Harper J.E. Paulsen G.M. 1968 Crop Sci. 8 537 539
- Jasoni R Kane C Green C Peffley P Tissue D Thompson L Payton, P Paré PW 2004 Altered leaf and root emissions from onion ( Allium cepa L.) grown under elevated CO 2 conditions Environ. Exper. Bot. 51 273 280
- Kendler B.S. 1987 Garlic ( Allium sativum ) and onion ( Allium cepa ): A review of their relationship to cardiovascular disease Pre. Med. 16 670 685
- Kopsell D.E. Randle W.M. 1997 Onion cultivars differ in pungency and bulb quality changes during storage Hort. Sci. 32 1260 1263
- Lancaster J. E. Shaw M. 1996 Metabolism of gamma-glutamyl peptides during development, storage and sprouting of onion bulbs Phytochemitry 30 2857 2859
- Lancaster J.E. 1996 Bulbing in onions: Photoperiod and temperature requirements and prediction of bulib size and maturity Annals of Botany 78 4 423 430
- Lane, H.W. Schoeller D. A. 2000 Nutrition in spaceflight and weightlessness models CRS press Boca Raton 301
- Lawson L.D. 1998 Garlic: a review of its medicinal effects and indicated active compounds ACS Symp. Ser. 691 176 209
- Maynard D.N. Barker A.V. Minotti P.L. Peck N.H. 1976 Nitrate accumulation in vegetables Advances in Agronomy 28 71 118
- Munday R. Munday C. M. 1999 Low doses of dially disulfide, a compound derived from garlic, increases tissue activities of quinone reductase and glutathione transferase in the gastrointestinal tract of the rat Nutrition and Cancer 34 1 42 48
- Munday R. Munday C. M. 2004 Induction of phase II enzymes by aliphatic sulfides derived from garlic and onions: an overview Methods in Enzymology 382 449 456
- Randle W.M. 1992 Onion germplasm interacts with sulfur fertility for plant sulfur utilization and bulb pungency Enphytical 59 151 156
- Randle W.M. Lancaster J.E. Shaw M.L. Sutton K.H. Hay R.L. Bussard M.L. 1995 Quantifying onion flavor compounds responding to surlfur fertility-Sulfur increase levels of alke(en)yl cysteine sulfoxides and biosynthetic intermediates J. Amer. Soc. Hort.Sci. 120 6 1075 1081
- Randle W.M. 1997 Onion flavor chemistry and factors influencing flavor intensity 41 52 Spices: Flavor chemistry and antioxidant properties, ACS symposium series 660 Risch S.J. Ho C.T. American Chemical Society Washington
- Randle W.M. Kopsell D.E. Kopsell, D.A. Snyder R.L. 1999 Total sulfur accumulation in onion is affected by sulfur fertility J. Plant Nutr. 22 45 51
- Randle W.M. 2000 Increasing nitrogen concentration in hydroponic solutions affects onion flavor and bulb quality J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 125 2 254 259
- Richards, J.T. Edney, S.L. Yorio, N.C. Stutte, G.W. Cranston, N. Wheeler, R.M. Goins G.D. 2004 Effects of lighting intensity and supplemental CO 2 on yield of potential salads crops for ISS Paper# 2004-01-2296 Proceedings of the 34 th international conferences on Environmental systems (ICES) July 2004 Colorado Springs, Colorado
- Sainani G.S. Deasi D.B. More K.N. 1976 Onion, garlic, and artherosclerosis Lancet 2 575 576
- Schwimmer, S. Weston W.J. 1961 Enzymatic Development of Pyruvic Acid in Onion as a Measure of Pungency Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 9 301 304
- Schwimmer, S Guadagni D.G. 1962 Relation between olfactory threshold concentration and pyruvic acid content of onion juice 94 97
- Smittle D.A. 1998 Evaluation of storage methods for “Granex” onions J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 113 877 880
- Thompson, L. Peffley, E. Green, C. Pare, P. Tissue D. 2004 Biomass, flavonol levels and sensory characteristics of Allium cultivars grown hydroponically at ambient and elevated CO 2 Paper# 2004-01-2300 Proceedings of the 34 th international conferences on Environmental systems (ICES) July 2004 Colorado Springs, Colorado
- Weiss J. F. Landauer M. R. 2003 Protection against ionizing radiation by antioxidant nutrients and phytochemicals Toxicology 189 1 20
- Wheeler R.M. Stutte G.W. Subbarao G.V. Yorio N.C. 2001 Plant growth and human life support for space travel Passaraki M. Handbook of plant and Crop Physiology 2nd 925 941