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An Investigation into the Challenges of Achieving Future Legislative Limits over Euro III and WMTC Drive Cycles for Current State-of-the-Art Motorcycle Technologies
Technical Paper
2005-01-2156
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
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English
Abstract
Motorcycle technologies will face increased challenges in the future, not only in terms of the emissions levels at Euro III which are much lower (at between a half to one third) than current levels, but also from the demands of future emission test cycles themselves which will be more severe, especially in respect to the ambient start requirements and the high speed elements of both the Euro III cycle and World Motorcycle Test Cycle (WMTC).
A representative selection of five larger capacity (> 600cc) ‘state of the art’ Euro II level motorcycles were tested over future Euro III and World Motorcycle Test Cycles. The tests highlighted that NOx control will be critical for future motorcycle technologies; the WMTC especially produces high NOx in relation to the higher rates of acceleration, higher maximum speed and more transient nature of the cycle than current cycles. HC and CO emissions were also significantly influenced by the ambient start requirements of future cycles.
A further phase of work evaluated the performance of three state-of-the-art catalyst technologies as a replacement for the production system on one of the motorcycles. Initial tests showed that catalyst performance for NOx control was not as expected, and therefore an investigation into varying air-fuel ratio (AFR) was undertaken. Relatively small changes in AFR were shown to have a significant effect on NOx conversion. A final optimised AFR and catalyst build was defined which allowed Euro III emissions levels to be achieved.
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Authors
- D. Bosteels - AECC - Association for Emissions Control by Catalyst AECC (AISBL), Belgium
- J. May - AECC - Association for Emissions Control by Catalyst AECC (AISBL), Belgium
- P. Etheridge - Ricardo - Ricardo Consulting Engineers Ltd, UK
- I. De Souza - Ricardo - Ricardo Consulting Engineers Ltd, UK
- D. Lance - Ricardo - Ricardo Consulting Engineers Ltd, UK
Topic
Citation
Bosteels, D., May, J., Etheridge, P., De Souza, I. et al., "An Investigation into the Challenges of Achieving Future Legislative Limits over Euro III and WMTC Drive Cycles for Current State-of-the-Art Motorcycle Technologies," SAE Technical Paper 2005-01-2156, 2005, https://doi.org/10.4271/2005-01-2156.Also In
References
- Directive 2002/51/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 July 2002 on the Reduction of the Level of Pollutant Emissions from Two- and Three-wheel Motor Vehicles and Amending Directive 97/24/EC Official Journal of the European Communities
- Dartoy, J. Abbas, M. Baldini, L. Rogerson, J. S. Thompson, N. Hutcheson, R.C. Motor Vehicle Emission Regulations and Fuel Specifications Part 1 2002/2003 Update CONCAWE Fuels Quality and Emissions Management Group
- Horng Rong Fang Chou Huann Ming Chen Young Hsiung The Variations of Emissions and Air-Fuel Ratio of Used Motorcycle Engines Before and After Maintenance Transactions of Society of Automotive Engineers of Japan Jul 2004 Paper No.20044595 85 90
- Horng Rong-Fang Chou Huann-Ming Hsu Tien-Chiu Reaction of the Electrically-Heated Catalyst of a Four Stroke Motorcycle Engine under Cold-Start Conditions with Additional Enrichment of the Intake Mixture I.Mech.E. Proceedings, Part D, Journal of Automobile Engineering 2003 217 D12
- Etheridge, P. Hews, I.M. Wearn, S.J. Andersson, J.D. DfT Motorcycle Emissions Measurement Programme: Regulated Emission Results JSAE 20030334
- Andersson, J.D Lance, D.L. Jemma, C.A. DfT Motorcycle Emissions Measurement Programmes Unregulated Emissions Results JSAE 20030335