This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Impact of RME/Diesel Blends on Particle Formation, Particle Filtration and PAH Emissions
Technical Paper
2005-01-1728
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
Vegetable oils blended to Diesel fuel are becoming popular. Economic, ecological and even political reasons are cited to decrease dependence on mineral oil and improve CO2 balance. The chemical composition of these bio fuels is different from mineral fuel, having less carbon and much more oxygen. Hence, internal combustion of Diesel + RME (Rapeseed Methyl Ester) blends was tested with particular focus on nanoparticle emissions, particle filtration characteristics and PAH-emissions.
Fuel economy and emissions of bus engines were investigated in traffic, on a test-rig during standardized cycles, and on the chassis dynamometer. Fuel compositions were varied from standard EN 590 Diesel with <50 ppm sulfur to RME blends of 15, 30, and 50%. Also 100 % RME was tested on the test-rig. Emissions were compared with and without CRT traps. The PAH profiles of PM were determined. Particles were counted and analyzed for size, surface, and composition, using SMPS, PAS, DC and Coulometry.
Results show little difference for legislated emissions HC, NOx and PM. Size distribution and chemical composition of the particles however vary with increase of RME in the blend. Particles from RME-combustion tend to be smaller and PM contains much less EC but more HC. Little effect of RME-blends on PAH, 100% RME however shows increased PAH-content of PM at high engine loads. Lower calorific value reflects in fuel consumption.
DPF efficiency remains high, 99.8 % independent of RME content. CRT regeneration is sustained, possibly due to the combination of a highly Pt-coated DOC and DPF, i.e. the DOC “dries” the particles and the DPF only partially receives the high HC content of engine-out particles. NO↠NO2 conversion is high with CRT, as usual, independent of RME-blend ratio.
Overall assessment: the impact of RME on emissions is minor. And despite lower EC particle emission, the particle trap remains indispensable.
Recommended Content
Authors
- A. Mayer - TTM
- J. Czerwinski - AFHB
- M. Wyser - BUWAL
- P. Mattrel - EMPA
- A. Heitzer - EV
Topic
Citation
Mayer, A., Czerwinski, J., Wyser, M., Mattrel, P. et al., "Impact of RME/Diesel Blends on Particle Formation, Particle Filtration and PAH Emissions," SAE Technical Paper 2005-01-1728, 2005, https://doi.org/10.4271/2005-01-1728.Also In
CI Engine Performance for Use With Alternative Fuels, and New Diesel Engines and Components
Number: SP-1978; Published: 2005-04-11
Number: SP-1978; Published: 2005-04-11
References
- Energy and greenhouse gas balance of biofuels for Europe - an update Armstrong A.P. Baro J. Dartoy J. Groves A.P. Nikkonen J. Rickeard D.J. Tompson N.D. Larivé J-F. et al. CONCAWE, report No 2/02
- A comprehensive analysis of biodiesel impacts on exhaust emissions October 2002
- Fuel/Fuel additives rule and of testing of biodiesel Costantini M. Michael Davis J. Health Effects Institute and US EPA (NCEA), ACES Workshop November 6-7 2003
- Emissions- und Wirkungsvergleich verschiedener Dieselkraftstoffe mit Biodiesel Comparison of Emissions and Health Effects of Different Diesel Fuels with Biodiesel Krahl J. Munack A. Schröder O. Stein H. Bünger J. 2003
- VERT Particulate Trap Verification Mayer A. Czerwinski J. Legerer F. Wyer M. SAE 2002-01-0435
- Secondary Emissions from Catalytic Active Particle Filter Systems Mayer A. Heeb N. Czerwinski J. Wyser M. SAE 2003-01-0291
- Retention of Fuel Borne Catalyst Particles by Diesel Particle Filter Systems Mayer A. Ulrich A. Czerwinski J. UmMatter Wyser M. SAE 2003-01-0287
- Combustibles pour moteurs diesel EN 590 2004 Automobile fuels for diesel engines - requirements and analysis methods
- Kraftstoffe für Kraftfahrzeuge. Fettsäure-Methylester (FAME) für Dieselmotoren, Anforderungen und Prüfverfahren 2003 Automobile fuels RME for diesel engines - requirements and analysis methods
- The Number Concentration of Non-Volatile Particles - Design Study for an Instrument according to the PMP Recommendations Kasper M. SAE 2004-01-0960
- Emission Measurement, Measurement of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH), Measurement of PAH in the Exhaust Gas from Gasoline and Diesel Engines of Passenger Cars - Gas Chromatographic Determination
- Particulate Trap Selection for retrofitting Vehicle Fleets based on representative Exhaust Temperature Profiles Mayer A. Nöthiger P. Zbinden R. Evéquoz R. SAE 2001-01-0187
- Measurement of Soot (Immission), Chemical Analysis of Elemental Carbon by Extraction and Thermal Desorption of Organic Carbon
- SNAP-Acceleration Smoke Test Procedure for Heavy-Duty Diesel Powered Vehicles SAE J1667 Feb 96
- Eine neue Messmethodik der Bosch-Zahl mit erhöhter Empfindlichkeit Christian R. Knopf R. Jaschek A. Schindler W. et al. MTZ 54 1963 1 A new, more sensitive measurement method for the Bosch Number
- Grenzen der Russmassenbestimmung aus optischen Transmissionsmessungen Hardenberg H. Albrecht H. MTZ 48 1987 2 Limitation of soot determination using optical transmission measurements
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Integral Risk Information System (IRIS) Office of Research and Development (ORD) National Center for Environmental Assessment (NCEA) Washington, DC 2004
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Diesel and Gasoline Engine Exhausts and some Nitroarenes 46 IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Cqarcinogenic Risks to Human World Health Organization (WHO) IARC, Lyon, France 1989
- Chancen und Problematik nachwachsender Kraftstoffe Syassen, O MTZ Motortechnische Zeitschrift 53 1992 11 Chances and Problems of renewable bio fuels