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Torque Vectoring AWD Driveline: Design, Simulation, Capabilities and Control
Technical Paper
2004-01-0863
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
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English
Abstract
This paper reports interim developments and findings prior to completion of an extensive R&D program that encompasses novel driveline hardware including an electrical modulation element to bias front and rear propeller shaft torque, and the control of this type of active driveline in respect of traction and vehicle dynamics. The AWD hardware has been fitted to a BMW X5 vehicle, with a winter test planned for January 2004 prior to wider demonstration.
Specifically, the following are discussed:
- The AWD market.
- Functional description of the novel torque biasing hardware including EASY5™ simulation results of the device and its influence upon the relative slip of the front and rear axles.
- Hardware elements of the variable torque bias coupling.
- Electrical system.
- Novel features such as a dual-drive lubrication system, a practical design for driveline torque sensing, and the hybrid vehicle potential of the device with additional connectivity for the e-machine.
- Simulation environment for vehicle dynamics applied with IPG™ CarMaker™ and Simulink™ RTW™. Software Implementation using ASCET-SD™.
- Traction control strategy and simulation results.
- Yaw velocity control and simulation results.
- Calibration of vehicle handling characteristics.
- Review of benchmarking data for a BMW X5.
- Novel actuation and driveline devices: MRF actuator and modulation devices for driveline.
- Conclusions to date.
On completion of this project further publications will provide validated results and further analysis. The reader will appreciate that extensive description of all project facets cannot be accommodated within the confines of a single paper.
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Citation
Wheals, J., Baker, H., Ramsey, K., and Turner, W., "Torque Vectoring AWD Driveline: Design, Simulation, Capabilities and Control," SAE Technical Paper 2004-01-0863, 2004, https://doi.org/10.4271/2004-01-0863.Also In
SAE 2004 Transactions Journal of Passenger Cars: Mechanical Systems
Number: V113-6; Published: 2005-07-05
Number: V113-6; Published: 2005-07-05
References
- Proceedings of the 4th International All-Wheel Drive Congress in Graz February 13-14 2003
- Lipman Ricardo J. Turner W. Wheals J.
- “Innovative Fahrzeug-Getriebe” 2-5 Dezember 2002 IIR Deutschland GmbH Torque Vectoring Center Differential for AWD : Design and Integration Wheals Jonathan C. Ricardo Driveline & Transmission Systems UK
- SAE 2003-01-0676 “Torque Bias Coupling for AWD Applications” Mircea Gradu Timken Automotive
- “Fundamentals of Vehicle Dynamics” SAE Gillespie T. 1-56091-199-9
- “Tyres, Suspension and Handling” Dixon J. 0 521 40194 1
- “Automotive Control Systems (for Engine, Driveline, and Vehicle)” Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG 3540669221
- “Integrated Powertrain Control applied to AMT designs for Improved Shift Quality, Efficiency and other Characteristics using Novel Hardware and Sensors.” 3-18-091610-9 VDI Conference Friedrichshafen 19/20 June 2001 Wheals, J. Harrison, A. Turner, W. Behrenroth J. Ricardo plc
- SAE 2003-01-1280 “Kalman Filtering for Monitoring and Control in Driveline Applications” Mark Ramsbottom and Hannah Baker Ricardo Driveline & Transmission Systems UK
- 8th Aachen Colloquium October 2003 “Allrad-Antriebstrang mit Fahrdynamik-Regelung fur den BMW X3 and X5” “4×4 Driveline and Chassis Control for the BMW Vehicles X3 and X5” Fischer, G. Billig C. Braun, H-S. Nistler, G. Pfau W. BMW Group
- Supervisory Vehicle Vectoring (SV2) 2nd International Ricardo Conference 2001 Brighton UK. Wheals JC Ramsbottom M.
- SAE 940386 “Model for Drivers' Perception of Vehicle Performance” Passmore, M.A. Wheals J.C. Patel A.
- “Improved magneto-rheological couplings with reduced drag losses” Ricardo plc