This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Musculoskeletal Loading During Gravitational Transitions Improvements in Postural Control
Technical Paper
2003-01-2493
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
Long-duration space travel will require improvements in exercise countermeasures so that astronauts are able to maintain cardiovascular fitness, bone mass and the ability to perform coordinated movements in a terrestrial environment following extended periods of “near weightlessness” encountered during transit to and/or obit of the Moon, Mars, and Earth. In such gravitational transitions feedback and feedforward postural control strategies must be recalibrated to ensure optimal locomotion performance. Current data suggests that specific, short duration musculoskeletal loading, following running in simulated Martian gravity using a vertical suspension type simulator, reduces the time required for re-adapting to steady-state performance of the postural control system during a novel, treadmill based precision stepping task. Possible enhancements to the current exercise countermeasures program are suggested.
Citation
Brewer, J. and Hsiang, S., "Musculoskeletal Loading During Gravitational Transitions Improvements in Postural Control," SAE Technical Paper 2003-01-2493, 2003, https://doi.org/10.4271/2003-01-2493.Also In
References
- Alexander R. M. 1992 Exploring biomechanics:Animals in motion . New York Scientific American Library
- Apsell P. S. 1999 To The Moon. NOVA . A. Ritsko. Boston, MA
- Arrott A. P. L. R. Young 1986 “M.I.T./Canadian vestibular experiments on the Spacelab-1 mission: 6. Vestibular reactions to lateral acceleration following ten days of weightlessness” Experimental Brain Research 64 347 357
- Bizzi E. Hogan N. et al. 1992 “Does the nervous system use equilibrium-point control to guide single and multiple joint movements?” Behavioral Brain Sciences 15 603 613
- Bloomberg J. J. Peters B. T. et al. 1997 “Locomotor head-trunk coordination strategies following space flight.” Journal of Vestibular Research 7 161 177
- Buckey J. C. Lane L. D. et al. 1996 “Orthostatic intolerance after spaceflight.” Journal of Applied Physiology 81 1 7 18
- Cavagna G. A. Zamboni A. et al. 1972 “Jumping on the Moon: power output at different gravity values.” Aerospace Medicine 43 4 408 414
- Chaffin D. B. Andersson G. 1991 Occupational biomechanics . New York Wiley
- Chang Y.-H. Hammerski C. M. et al. 2001 “Applied horizontal force increases impact loading in reduced-gravity running.” Journal of Biomechanics 34 679 685
- Chang Y.-H. Huang H.-W. C. et al. 2000 “The independent effects of gravity and inertia on running mechanics.” Journal of Experimental Biology 203 229 238
- Charles J. B. Bungo M. W. et al. 1994 Cardiopulmonary function. Space Physiology and Medicine . Nicogossian A. E. Huntoon C. L. Pool S. L. Philadelphia, PA Lea & Febiger 286 304
- Chekirda I. F. Bogdashevskiy A. V. et al. 1971 “Coordination structure of walking of Soyuz-9 crew members before and after flight.” Kosmicheskaya Biologiya i Meditsina 5 6 48 52
- Collins J. J. De Luca C. J. et al. 1995 “The effects of spaceflight on open-loop and closed-loop postural control mechanisms: human neurovestibular studies on SLS-2.” Experimental Brain Research 107 1 145 150
- Davis B. L. 1991 A biomechanical investigation of simulated zero-gravity locomotion. Exercise and Sport Science . University Park, PA The Pennsylvania State University 238
- Dietz V. 1997 “Neurophysiology of gait disorders: present and future applications” Electroencephalography and clinical Neurophysiology 103 333 355
- Dietz V. Colombo G. et al. 1995 “Locomotor capacity of spinal cord in paraplegic patients.” Ann. Neurology 37 574 582
- Donelan J. M. R. Kram 1997 “The effect of reduced gravity on the kinematics of human walking: a test of the dynamic similarity hypothesis for locomotion” Journal of Experimental Biology 200 3193 3201
- Donelan J. M. R. Kram 2000 “Exploring dynamic similarity in human running using simulated reduced gravity” Journal of Experimental Biology 203 2405 2415
- Erni T. V. Dietz 2001 “Obstacle avoidance during human walking: learning rate and cross-modal transfer” Journal of Physiology 534 303 312
- Farley C. T. T. A. McMahon 1992 “Energetics of walking and running: insights from simulated reduced-gravity experiments” Journal of Applied Physiolology 73 6 2709 2712
- Favilla M. Hening W. et al. 1989 “Trajectory control in targeted force impulses. VI Independent specification of response amplitude and direction.” Experimental Brain Research 75 2 280 294
- Feldman A. G. 1966 “Functional tuning of the nervous system during control of movement or maintenance of a steady posture: (iii) Mechanographic analysis of the execution by man of the simplest motor tasks” Biophysics 11 766 775
- Feldman A. G. 1986 “Once more for the equilibrium-point hypothesis (Lambda model) for Motor Control” Journal of Motor Behavior 18 17 54
- Ferris D. P. Aagaard P. et al. 2001 “Soleus H-reflex gain in humans walking and running under simulated reduced gravity.” Journal of Physiology 530 1 167 180
- Flash T Gurevich I. 1991 Human motor adaptation to external loads . Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society
- Gandolfo F. Mussa-Ivaldi F. A. et al. 1996 “Motor learning by field approximation.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 93 9 3843 3846
- Graham-Brown T. 1911 “The intrinsic factors in the act of progression in the mammal” Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B. Biol. Sci. 84 308 319
- Graham-Brown T. 1912 “The factor in rhythmic activity of the nervous system” Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B. Biol. Sci. 85 278 289
- Graham-Brown T. 1914 “On the nature of the fundamental activity of the nervous centres; together with an analysis of the condtioning of rhythmic activity in progression, and a theory of the evolution of function in the nervous system” Journal of Physiology 48 18 46
- Griffin T. M. Tolani N. A. et al. 1999 “Walking in simulated reduced gravity: mechanical energy fluctuations and exchange.” Journal of Applied Physiology 86 1 383 390
- Grillner S. 1975 “Locomotion in vertebrates: central mechanisms and reflex interaction” Physiological Reviews 55 2 247 304
- He J. P. Kram R. et al. 1991 “Mechanics of running under simulated low gravity.” Journal of Applied Physiolology 71 3 863 870
- Held R. 1962 “Adaptation to rearrangement and visual-spatial aftereffects” Psychologische Beitraege 6 439 450
- Held R. 1965 “Plasticity in sensory-motor systems.” Scientific American 213 5 84 94
- Hewes D. E. 1969 “Reduced-Gravity Simulators for Studies of Man's Mobility in Space and on the Moon” Human Factors 11 5 419 432
- Hewes D. E. Spady A. A. et al. 1966 Comparative measurements of Man's walking and running gaits in Earth and simulated Lunar Gravity. Washington, D.C. National Aeronautics and Space Administration: Langley Research Center 36
- Hoffler G. W. Johnson R. L. 1975 Apollo flight crew cardiovascular evaluations. Biomedical Results of Apollo (NASA SP-368) . Johnston R. S. Dietlein L. F. Berry C. A. Washington, D.C U.S. Government Printing Office 227 264
- Homick J. L. Miller E. F. 1975 Apollo flight crew vestibular assessment. Biomedical Results of Apollo NASA
- Homick J. L. Reschke M. F. 1977 “Postural Equilibrium Following Exposure to Weightless Space Flight” Acta Otolaryngol 83 455 464
- Jackson D. K. 1997 Development of full-body models for human jump landing dynamics and control. Astronautics and Aeronautics. Cambridge, MA Massachusetts Institute of Technology 269
- Kenyon R. V. L. R. Young 1986 “M.I.T./Canadian vestibular experiments on the Spacelab-1 mission: 5. Postural responses following exposure to weightlessness” Experimental Brain Research 64 335 346
- Kram R. Domingo A. et al. 1997 “Effect of Reduced Gravity on the Preferred Walk-Run Transition Speed.” Journal of Experimental Biology 200 821 826
- Lackner J. R. P. Dizio 1994 “Rapid adaptation to Coriolis force perturbations of arm trajectory” Journal of Neurophysiology 72 1 299 313
- Layne C. S. McDonald P. V. et al. 1997 “Neuromuscular activation patterns during treadmill walking after space flight.” Experimental Brain Research 113 1 104 116
- Letko W Spady A. A. 1968 Walking in Simulated Lunar Gravity . Fourth Symposium on The Role of the Vestibular Organs in Space Exploration Pensacola, FL
- Letko W. Spady A. A. et al. 1966 Problems of man's adaptation to the lunar environment . Second Symposium on The Role of the Vestibular Organs in Space Exploration Washington, D.C. Office of Technology Utilization: National Aeronautics and Space Adminstration NASA SP-115
- McDonald P. V. Basdogan C. et al. 1996 “Lower limb kinematics during treadmill walking after space flight: implications for gaze stabilization.” Experimental Brain Research 112 2 325 334
- McIntyre J. E. Bizzi 1993 “Servo hypotheses for the biological control of movement” Journal of Motor Behavior 25 3 193 202
- Melvill-Jones G 2000 Posture. Principles of Neural Science . Kandel E. R. Schwartz J. H. Jessell T. M. New York McGraw-Hill 816 831
- Melvill-Jones G. Watt D. G. D. 1971 “Observations on the control of stepping and hopping movements in man” Journal of Physiology 219 709 727
- Newman D. J. Jackson D. K. 2000 Altered astronauts performance following spaceflight: control and modeling insights. Biomechanics and Neural Control of Posture and Movement . Winters J. M. Crago P. E. New York Springer-Verlag 282 290
- Newman D. J. Jackson D. K. et al. 1997 “Altered astronaut lower limb and mass center kinematics in downward jumping following space flight.” Experimental Brain Research 117 1 30 42
- Newman D. J. Schultz K. U. et al. 1996 “Closed-Loop, Estimator-Based Model of Human Posture Following Reduced Gravity Exposure.” Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 19 5 1102 1108
- Nichols T. R. Houk J. C. 1976 “Improvement of linearity and regulation of stiffness that results from actions of stretch reflex” Journal of Neurophysiology 39 119 142
- Paloski W. H. 2000 Adaptive sensory-motor processes disturb balance control after spaceflight. Biomechanics and Neural Control of Posture and Movement . Winters J. M. Crago P. E. New York Springer-Verlag 292 299
- Paloski W. H. Black F. O. et al. 1993 “Vestibular ataxia following shuttle flights: effects of microgravity on otolith- mediated sensorimotor control of posture.” The American Journal of Otology 14 1 9 17
- Parker D. E. Reschke M. F. et al. 1985 “Otolith tilt-translation reinterpretation following prolonged weightlessness: implications for preflight testing.” Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine 56 601 606
- Patla A. E. Prentice S. D. et al. 1991 “Visual Control of Locomotion: Strategies for changing direction and for going over obstacles.” Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 17 3 603 634
- Patla A. E. J. N. Vickers 1997 “Where and when do we look as we approach and step over an obstacle in the travel path?” NeuroReport 8 3661 3665
- Pearson K. Gordon J. 2000 Locomotion. Principles of Neural Science . Kandel E. R. Schwartz J. H. Jessell T. M. New York McGraw-Hill 737 755
- Pearson K. Gordon J. 2000 Spinal reflexes. Principles of Neural Science . Kandel E. R. Schwartz J. H. Jessell T. M. New York McGraw-Hill 713 736
- Rack P. M. H. D. R. Westbury 1969 “The effects of length and stimulus rate on tension in the isometric cat soleus muscle” Journal of Physiology 204 443 460
- Reschke M. F. Anderson D. J. et al. 1984 “Vestibulospinal Reflexes as a Function of Microgravity.” Science 225 212 214
- Robertson W. G. E. C. Wortz 1968 “Effect of Lunar Gravity on Metabolic Rates” Aerospace Medicine 39 799 805
- Sainburg R. L. Ghilardi M. F. et al. 1995 “Control of limb dynamics in normal subjects and patients without proprioception.” Journal of Neurophysiology 73 2 820 835
- Sanborn W. G. Wortz E. C. 1967 “Metabolic Rates During Lunar Gravity Simulation” Aerospace Medicine 38 380 382
- Schmidt R. A. 1999 Motor control and learning : a behavioral emphasis . Champaign, Ill Human Kinetics Publishers
- Shadmehr R. Mussa-Ivaldi F. A. 1994 “Adaptive representation of dynamics during learning of a motor task” Journal of Neuroscience 14 5 Pt 2 3208 3224
- Sherrington C. S. 1906 Integrative Actions of the Nervous System . New Haven, CT Yale University Press
- Spady A. A. 1969 “Prototype of a New Lunar-Gravity Simulator for Astronaut Mobility Studies” Human Factors 11 5 441 450
- Vogel H. Kass J. R. 1986 “European vestibular experiments on the Spacelab-1 mission: 7. Ocular counterrolling measurements pre- and post-flight” Experimental Brain Research 64 284 290
- Wolpert D. M. Ghahramani Z. et al 1995 “Are arm trajectories planned in kinematic or dynamic coordinates? An adaptation study.” Exp Brain Res 103 3 460 70
- Wolpert D. M. Ghahramani Z. et al. 1995 “An internal model for sensorimotor integration.” Science 269 5232 1880 1882
- Wortz E. C. 1969 “Work in Reduced-Gravity Environments” Human Factors 11 5 433 440
- Wortz E. C. E. J. Prescott 1966 “Effects of Subgravity Traction Simulation on the Energy Costs of Walking” Aerospace Medicine 37 12 1217 1222
- Wu R. H. 1999 Human readaptation to normal gravity following short-term simulated martian gravity exposure and the effectiveness of countermeasures. Aeronautics and Astronautics. Cambridge, MA Massachutetts Institute of Technology.
- Young L. R. Oman C. M. 1984 “Spatial Orientation in Weightlessness and Readaptation to Earth's Gravity” Science 225 205 208