This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
The Impact of Passenger Car Motor Oils on Emissions Performance
Technical Paper
2003-01-1988
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
Throughout the evolution of the automobile, passenger car motor oils have been developed to address issues of wear, corrosion, deposit formation, friction, and viscosity stability. As a result, the internal combustion engines are now developed with the expectation that the lubricants to be used in them will deliver certain performance attributes. Metallurgies, clearances, and built-in stresses are all chosen with certain expectations from the lubricant.
A family of chemicals that has been universally used in formulating passenger car motor oils is zinc dithiophosphates (ZDPs). ZDPs are extremely effective at protecting highly stressed valve train components against wear failure, especially in engine designs with a sliding contact between cams and followers.
While ZDPs' benefits on wear control are universally accepted, ZDPs have been identified as the source of phosphorus, which deactivates noble metal aftertreatment systems. This paper summarizes the transport mechanism, methods to test for the phenomenon, and methods to reduce the impact of ZDPs on aftertreatment systems.
Recommended Content
Authors
Citation
Chamberlin, W., Kelley, J., and Wilk, M., "The Impact of Passenger Car Motor Oils on Emissions Performance," SAE Technical Paper 2003-01-1988, 2003, https://doi.org/10.4271/2003-01-1988.Also In
References
- Caracciolo F. Spearot J.A. “Effects of Phosphorus-Containing Engine Oil Additives on Exhaust Oxidation Catalyst Degradation,” SAE Paper 760562 SAE Fuels and Lubricants Meeting June 1976 St. Louis MO
- Fitzgerald W. Wilson J.V.D. “The Effect of Lubricant Additives on the Durability of Platinum Oxidizing Catalysts,” SAE Paper 750447 ,” SAE Paper 750447 SAE Automotive Engineering Congress and Exposition February 1975 Detroit, MI
- Smolenski D.J. Kabel R.H. “Effect of Engine Oil Zinc Dithiophosphate (ZDP) Additive Type on Cam and Lifter Wear in Taxi Service,” SAE Paper 831760 SAE Fuels and Lubricants Meeting November 1983 San Francisco, CA
- Smolenski D.J. Kabel R.H. “Evaluation of Camshaft and Lifter Wear, Deposits, and Oil Thickening with Low-Phosphorus Engine Oils in Taxicab Service SAE Paper 861516 SAE International Fuels and Lubricants Meeting and Exposition October 1986 Philadelphia, PA
- Chamberlin W.B. Zalar F.V. “Balancing Crankcase Lubricant Performance with Catalyst Life,” SAE Paper 841407 SAE Fuels and Lubricants Meeting October 1984 Baltimore, MD
- Smalheer C.V. The Story of Lubrizol 1972 The Lubrizol Corporation
- Schwarz C.F. “Latest Development in Military Specification Oils,” Paper No. AM-70-24 National Petroleum Refiners Association Annual Meeting April 1970 San Antonio, TX
- Mougey H.C. “Forty Years of Progress in Automotive Lubrication--A Look into the Future SAE Paper 194 (Revised 540234) SAE National Fuels and Lubricants Meeting November 1953 Chicago, IL
- Colyer C.C. “Tailoring Oils to Engines,” Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers 198D 3 1984
- Etchells E.B. Thomson R.F. Robinson G.H. Malone G.K. “The Interrelationship Design, Lubrication, and Metallurgy in Cam and Tappet Performance,” SAE #472 (Revised 560017) SAE 50th Anniversary Passenger Car, Body and Materials Meeting March 1955 Detroit, MI
- Ayres V. Bidwell J.B. Pilger A.C. Williams R.K. “Valve Train Wear as Affected by Metallurgy, Driving Conditions and Lubricants,” SAE Paper #59 (Revised 580025) SAE Annual Meeting January 1957 Detroit, MI
- Colyer C.C. Tom T.B. “Does the MS Test Predict Field Performance,” SAE Paper 262A (Revised 600116) SAE National Fuels and Lubricants Meeting Nov. 1960 Tulsa, OK
- Colyer C.C. “What Is an MS Motor Oil?” Presentation at the 20th Annual Meeting of the Independent Oil Compounders Association October 1967 Las Vegas, NV
- “Engine Test Sequence for Evaluating Oils for API Service MS,” ASTM Special Technical Publication No. 315 American Society for Testing and Materials 1962
- Bennett P.A. Kabel R.H. “The 1962 Status of Test Sequences I, II, and III,” Special Technical Publication No. 334 American Society for Testing and Materials 1962
- Gagliardi J.C. Ghannam F.E. Gasvoda R.F. Potter R.I. “Engine Tests For Evaluating Crankcase Oils In Stop-and-Go MS Service,” SAE Paper 261C (Revised 600117) SAE National Fuels and Lubricants Meeting November 1960 Tulsa, OK
- Larson R. “The Performance of Zinc Dithiophosphates as Lubricating Oil Additives,” American Cyanamid Company March 21 1958
- Schwarz C.F. “Qualification Testing of New Military Engine Oils,” API Preprint No. 12-71 American Petroleum Institute 36th Midyear Meeting May 1971 San Francisco, CA
- Harris S.W. Zahalka T.L. “A Field Test Study of Camshaft Wear in a 2.3L OHC Engine and Its Correlation to the Sequence V-D Test,” SAE Paper 831758 SAE Fuels and Lubricants Meeting November 1983 San Francisco, CA
- Bardy D.C. Franklin T.M. Roberts C.E. “A 2.3L Engine Deposit and Wear Test--An ASTM Task Force Progress Report,” SAE Paper 780260 SAE Congress and Exposition February 1978 Detroit, MI
- Love R.J. Wykes F.C. “European Practice in Respect of Automotive Cams and Followers,” SAE Paper 750865 SAE Automobile Engineering Meeting Oct. 1975 Detroit, MI
- Slater B.B. “European Valve Train Wear--Some Experience With the Volvo B20 Test,” SAE Paper 750866 Automobile Engineering Meeting October 1975 Detroit, MI
- Humbert D. Basset J.J. Vaisseyre J.J. Weston J.P.C. “Valve Train Wear--Report on CEC IGL-17 Activities,” SAE Paper 861513 the International Fuels and Lubricants Meeting and Exposition Oct. 1986 Philadelphia, PA
- Pless L.G. Rodgers J.J. “Cam and Lifter Wear as Affected by Engine Oil ZDP Concentration and Type,” SAE Paper 770087 SAE international Engineering Congress and Exposition March 1977 Detroit, MI
- Burrows A.L. Korosec P.S. Malfer D.J. Yatsunami K. “Formulation of Lower Phosphorus Passenger Car Oils,” SAE Paper 860373 International Congress and Exposition February 1986 Detroit, MI
- Colyer C.C. Davis K.E. Desing M.E. Jaynes S.E. Copan W.G. “Field Testing: The Final Proof of Performance,” SAE Paper 885018 XXII FISITA Congress September 1988 Dearborn, MI
- Drury C. Whitehouse S. “The Effect of Lubricant Phosphorus Level on Exhaust Emissions in a Field Trial of Gasoline Engine Vehicles,” SAE Paper 940745 SAE International Congress & Exposition March 1994 Detroit, MI
- Culley S.A. McDonnell T,F, “The Impact of Passenger Car Motor Oil Phosphorus Levels on Engine Durability, Oil Degradation, and Exhaust Emissions in a Field Trial,” SAE Paper 952344 SAE Fuels and Lubricants Meeting and Exposition October 1995 Toronto, ON
- Meyers A.T. “Field Service Compatibility of Ashless and Fully Compounded Engine Oils with Two Bead-Type Oxidation Catalysts,” SAE Paper 750448 SAE Congress and Exposition February 1975 Detroit, MI
- Williamson W.B. Perry J. Goss R.L. Gandhi H.S. Beason R.E. “Catalyst Deactivation Due to Glaze Formation from Oil-Derived Phosphorus and Zinc,” SAE Paper 841406 SAE Fuels and Lubricants Meeting October 1984 Baltimore, MD
- Inoue K. Kurahashi T. Negishi T. Akiyama K. Arimura K. Tasaka K. “Effects of Phosphorus and Ash Contents of Engine Oils on Deactivation of Monolithic Three-Way Catalysts and Oxygen Sensors,” SAE Paper 920654 International Congress & Exposition February 1992 Detroit, MI
- Ueda F. Sugiyama S. Arimura K. Hamaguchi S. Akiyama K. “Engine Oil Additive Effects on Deactivation of Monolithic Three-Way Catalysts and Oxygen Sensors,” SAE Paper 940746 International Congress and Exposition March 1994 Detroit, MI
- Lafyatis D.S. Petrow R. Bennett C. “The Effects of Oil-Derived Poisons on Three-Way Catalysts Performance,” SAE Paper 2002-01-1093 SAE International Congress and Exposition March 2002 Detroit, MI
- Grossiord C. Martin J.M. Le Mogne Th. Palermo Th. “UHV Friction of Tribofilms Derived from Metal Dithiophosphates,” Tribology Letters 6 1999 171 179
- Johnson M.D. McCabe R.W. Hubbard C.P. Riley M.J. Kirby C.W. Ball D.J. Tripp G. McDonnell T.F. Lam W.Y. “Effects of Engine Oil Formulation Variables on Exhaust Emissions in Taxi Fleet Service,” SAE Paper 2002-01-2680 SAE Powertrain and Fluid Systems Conference & Exposition October 2002 San Diego, CA
- Caracciolo F. Spearot J.A. “Engine Oil Additive Effects on the Deterioration of a Stoichiometric Emissions Control (C-4) System,” SAE Paper 790941 SAE Fuels and Lubricants Meeting October 1979 Houston, TX
- Selby T.W. “Development and Significance of the Phosphorus Emission Index of Engine Oils,” Expanded version of paper: 13th International Colloquium Tribology - Lubricants, Materials, and Lubrication Technische Akademie Esslingen January 2002 Stuttgart/Ostfildern, Germany