This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
A Study of the Influence of Nozzle Orifice Geometries on Fuel Evaporation using Laser-Induced Exciplex Fluorescence
Technical Paper
2003-01-1836
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
Projected stringent emissions legislation will make tough demands on engine development. For diesel engines, in which combustion and emissions formation are governed by the spray formation and mixing processes, fuel injection plays a major role in the future development of cleaner engines. It is therefore important to study the fundamental features of the fuel injection process.
In an engine the fuel is injected at high pressure into a pressurized and hot environment of air, which causes droplet formation and fuel evaporation. The injected fuel then forms a gaseous phase surrounding the liquid phase. The amount of evaporated fuel in relation to the total amount of injected fuel is of importance for engine performance, i.e. ignition delay and mixing rate.
In this paper, the fraction of evaporated fuel was determined for sprays, using different orifice diameters ranging from 0.100 mm up to 0.227 mm, with the aid of a high-pressure spray chamber. The conicity of the orifice was also varied. Three injection pressures and two chamber temperatures were also used. The amount of evaporated fuel was determined by laser-induced exciplex fluorescence measurement of the gaseous and liquid phases of the fuel spray. The measurement of the phases consists of time-resolved, two-dimensional images. The fuel in this study consisted of a mixture of 1-cyanonaphthalene, N,N-dibutylaniline and n-dodecane. The fuel was excited by a laser wavelength of 355 nm. The results show a strong reduction of fuel penetration for one of the conical orifices. It was also found that both increased injection pressure and reduced orifice diameter reduce the liquid volume fraction of the spray, i.e. the gas volume fraction increases.
Authors
Topic
Citation
Bergstrand, P., Persson, F., Försth, M., and Denbratt, I., "A Study of the Influence of Nozzle Orifice Geometries on Fuel Evaporation using Laser-Induced Exciplex Fluorescence," SAE Technical Paper 2003-01-1836, 2003, https://doi.org/10.4271/2003-01-1836.Also In
Premixed Charge Ci Engines & Diesel Spray & Mixture Formation
Number: SP-1794; Published: 2003-06-24
Number: SP-1794; Published: 2003-06-24
References
- Karlsson, J.A.J. Berglind, T. Chomiak, J. “Modeling of Ignition and Combustion of High Pressure Small Orifice Diesel Sprays Using a Complex Chemical Model” COMODIA 94 Yokohama, Japan 11-14 July 1994
- Siebers D L Higgins B S “Effects of Injector Conditions on the Flame Lift-off Length of DI Diesel Sprays” THIESEL 2000 - Thermo- and Fluid- Dynamic Processes in Diesel Engines 2000
- Bergstrand P. Försth M. Denbratt I. “The Influence of Orifice Diameter on Flame Lift-Off Length” ILASS-Europe Zaragoza 2002
- Ishikawa N Zhang L “Characteristics of Air-entrainment in a Diesel Spray” SAE paper 1999-01-0522 1999
- Bergstrand P Denbratt I “Diesel Combustion with Reduced Nozzle Orifice Diameter” SAE Paper 2001-01-2010 2001
- Bergstrand, P. Denbratt, I. “The Effects of Leaner Charge and Swirl on Diesel Combustion” SAE Paper 2002-01-1633 2002
- Kobori S Kamimoto T Kosaka H “Ignition, Combustion and Emissions in a DI Diesel Engine Equipped with a Micro-Hole Nozzle” SAE Paper 960321 1996
- Bergstrand P. Denbratt I. “The Effects of Multirow Nozzles on Diesel Combustion” SAE Paper 2003-01-0701 2003
- Melton, L. Method for Determining the Temperature of a Fluid 1986
- Persson, F. Försth, M. Rosén, A. “A Survey of Model Fuel Mixtures Suitable for Exciplex Spectroscopy for Liquid/Vapor Visualization” ILASS Europe Zaragoza 2002
- www.chemnetbase.com
- Moseler, M. Landman, U. “Formation, Stability and Breakup of Nanojets” Science 289 1165 1169 18 August 2000
- Smallwood G. J. Gülder Ö. L. “Views on the Structure of Transient Diesel Sprays” Atomization and Sprays 10 355 386 2000
- Huh K. Y. Lee E. Koo J.-Y. “Diesel Spray Atomization Model Considering Nozzle Exit Turbulence Conditions” Atomization and Sprays 8 179 197 1998
- White F. M. Fluid Mechanics 3 rd McGraw-Hill 0-07-113765-3 1994
- Soteriou C. Andrews R. Smith M. “Direct Injection Diesel Sprays and the Effect of Cavitation and Hydraulic Flip on Atomization” SAE Paper 950080 1995
- Hiroyasu H. Arai M. “Structures of Fuel Sprays in Diesel Engines” SAE Paper 900475 1990
- Bergstrand P Försth M Denbratt I “Investigation of Diesel Spray Injection into High Pressure Conditions with Reduced Nozzle Orifice Diameter” JSAE Paper 20015324 2001
- Baritaud T. A. Heinze T. A. Le Coz J. F. “Spray and Self-Ingition Visualization in a DI Diesel Engine” SAE Paper 940681 1994