This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Squeak and Rattle Behavior of Elastomers and Plastics: Effect of Normal Load, Sliding Velocity, and Environment
Technical Paper
2003-01-1521
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
The use of plastics and elastomers, for interior and exterior automotive components, presents a risk of frictionally incompatible materials contacting each other, resulting in squeaks, ticks, chirps… Ford's NVH S&R Department, and MB Dynamics have developed a tester (Figures 1 and 2) that can measure friction, and sound, as a function of sliding velocity, normal load, surface roughness, and environmental factors that allows us to provide up-stream engineering information to Forward Model Design Engineers.
When material pairs undergo sliding contact, friction forces can cause elastic deformation adjacent to the contacting surfaces. The elastic deformation is a mechanism for storing energy and sound is produced when the energy is released. The sound that we hear may be a squeak or squeal (multiple stick-slip) or a tick (single stick-slip). However if the sliding material composition (e.g. coatings, low friction additives…) and the structure (surface roughness or stiffness/compliance) of the sliding components is properly selected, we can avoid or minimize noise by minimizing elastic deformation and therefore the release of stored elastic energy.
The release of the stored elastic energy can occur when the kinetic friction is less than the static friction. This difference can be duplicated during single excursion events or when undergoing sine or random vibration. In the case of thermoplastics, cold temperatures can have a major influence on acoustic properties by reducing chain mobility (Tg) at the sliding contact surface leading to an increase in the surface contact stiffness and therefore changing the elastic deformation properties.
Recommended Content
Topic
Citation
Trapp, M. and Pierzecki, R., "Squeak and Rattle Behavior of Elastomers and Plastics: Effect of Normal Load, Sliding Velocity, and Environment," SAE Technical Paper 2003-01-1521, 2003, https://doi.org/10.4271/2003-01-1521.Also In
SAE 2003 Transactions Journal of Passenger Cars - Mechanical Systems
Number: V112-6; Published: 2004-09-15
Number: V112-6; Published: 2004-09-15
References
- Eiss, Norm Lee, Edward Trapp, Martin 1997 “Frictional Behavior of Automotive Interior Polymeric Material Pairs,” SAE Paper No. 972056 1479
- Ishii, N. Sawai, S. 1986
- Peterson, C. “Evaluation of Squeak and Rattle Properties of Polymeric Materials,” DIPLOMA WORK NO. 190 Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg, Sweden 1998
- DeTongni, R. Eiss, N. S. Rorrer, R. 1992 “The Role of System Dynamics on the Behavior of Elastomeric Friction,” Wear and Friction of Elastomers , ASTM STP 1145 Denton R. Keshavan M. K. ASTM Philadelphia, PA 1992
- Eiss, N. McCann, B. 1993 “Friction Instabilities in Polymer-Polymer Sliding Systems,” Tribology Trans. 36 686 692 1993
- Ludema, K. Tabor, D. 1966 “The Friction and Viscoelastic Properties of Polymeric Solids,” Wear 9 329 348
- Martins, J. Oden, J. 1987 “Existence and Uniqueness Results for Dynamic Contact Problems with Nonlinear Normal and Friction Interface Laws,” J. Nonlinear Analysis, Theory, Methods & Application 11 623 653
- Rorrer, R. Eiss, N. DeTogni, R. “Measurement of Frictional Stick-Slip Transitions for Various Elastomeric Materials Sliding Against Hard Counterfaces,” Wear and Friction of Elastomers Denton R. Keshavan M.K. ASTM Philadelphia, PA 1992
- Sakamoto, T. 1985 “Normal Displacement of the Sliding Body in a Stick-Slip Friction Process,” Proc. of JSLE Intl. Trib. Conf. Tokyo 141 146
- Sakamoto, T. 1987 “Normal Displacement and Dynamic Friction Characteristics in a Stick-Slip Process,” Tribology Intl. 20 25 31
- Judek, T. Eiss, N. Trapp, M. Loftus, H. “Material Friction Pair Testing to Reduce Vehicle Squeaks,” Sem 14th International Modal Analysis Conference 1 502 1996
- Wang, Q. Kong, X. Zhu, L. Zhe, J. Fan, Y. “A Study on the Tribological Behavior of Polyethylene. II. Effects of Operating Conditions on the Friction Behavior of Polyethylene,” J. Appl. Poly. Sci. 58 903 910 1995
- Erhard, G. “Sliding Friction Behavior of Polymer-Polymer Material Combinations,” Wear 84 167 181 1983
- Bahadur, S. “Dependence of Polymer Sliding Friction on Normal Load and Contact Pressure,” Wear 29 323 336 1974
- Aronov, V. D'Souza, A.F. Kalpakjian, S. Shareef, I. “Interactions Among Friction, Wear, and System Stiffness-Part 2: Vibrations Induced by Dry Friction,” ASME J. Lub. Tech. 106 January 1984 56 64
- Martins Oden Simoes Int. J. Engng Sci. 28 29 92 1990
- He, Gang Muser, Martin H. Robbins, Mark O. “Adsorbed Layers and the Origin of Static Friction,” Science 284 June 4 1999 1650 52
- Bengisu, M. T. Akay, Adnan “Stick-Slip Oscillations: Dynamics of Friction and Surface Roughness,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 105 1 January 1999 194 205
- Juneja, Vikas Rediers, Benny Kavarana, Farokh “Squeak Studies on Material Pairs,” SAE paper 99NV-272 May 1999
- Peterson, Cecilia Wieslander, Cecilia Eiss, Norm “Squeak and Rattle Properties of Polymeric Materials,” SAE paper 1999-01-1860 May 1999
- Brown, E. D., Jr. “The Friction and Wear of Glass,” Am. Soc. Lub. Eng., Trans. 12 227 233 1969
- Simkins, Thomas E. “The Mutuality of Static and Kinetic Friction,” Lub. Eng. Jan 26-31 1967
- Rabinowicz, E. Friction and Wear of Materials 2nd John Wiley & Sons, Inc. NY 1995
- Trapp, Martin McNulty, Paul Chu, Jack “Frictional and Acoustic Behavior of Automotive Interior Polymeric Material Pairs Under Environmental Conditions,” SAE Paper No. 2001-01-1550 May 2001
- Akay, Adnan “Acoustics of Friction,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 111 1525 1548 2002
- Trapp, M. A. Karpendo, Y. A. “Characterization of Noise Generation Properties of Friction Material Pairs,” 2002 Inter Noise Conference, paper # N116 August 2002
- McIntyre, G. A. Hsu, C. J. “Testing Material Pairings for Noise Emission Using the Cameron-Plint High Frequency Friction Machine,” paper # N268 August 2002
- Lee, P. Rediers, B. Hunt, K. Brines, R. “Squeak Studies on Material Pair Compatibility” SAE Paper No. 2001-01-1546 May 2001
- Hunt, K. Rediers, B. Brines, R. McCormick, R. Leist, T. Artale, T. “Towards a Standard for Material Friction Pair Testing to Reduce Automotive Squeaks” SAE Paper No. 2001-01-1547 May 2001
- Roberts, A. D. “A Guide To Estimating the Friction of Rubber,” Rub. Chem. and Tech. 65 673 686 1992
- Rorrer, R. “A Historical Perspective and Review of Elastomeric Stick-Slip,” Rub. Chem. And Tech. 73 486 503 2000