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Emissions from Conventional and Hybrid Electric Transit Buses Tested on Standard and San Francisco Specific Driving Cycles
Technical Paper
2002-01-3117
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
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English
Abstract
California Air Resources Board's transit bus fleet regulation required public transit fleets in California to reduce emissions starting in 2002 [1]. In response to this rule, San Francisco Municipal Railway (Muni) launched the “Alternative Fuel Pilot Project”. The objective of the project is to compare the on-road performance, emissions, maintainability, safety, and costs of advanced diesel and alternative fuel buses over a two-year period. This paper discusses the preliminary emissions results from chassis dynamometer testing conducted during the first six months of the emissions study. The California Truck Testing Service's dynamometer facility tested four types of buses: conventional diesel, conventional diesel with particulate traps, compressed natural gas, and hybrid-electric transit buses. Vehicle emissions (carbon monoxide (CO), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), total hydrocarbons (THC), methane (CH4), and particulate matter (PM)) and fuel economy were measured over the Central Business District (CBD) and New York Bus (NY Bus) driving cycles. Testing was also conducted on a specially-designed San Francisco Route (SF Route) Cycle. This cycle was constructed from speed-time-grade data collected during on-road operation of Muni buses. The results showed that operation on the SF Route Cycle produced NOx emissions and fuel economy levels similar to those of the NY Bus Cycle. On the SF Route Cycle, there was less difference in fuel economy between the different buses. The localized effects of grade were large. For example, on the 19% grade, all the buses produced approximately twice the amount of NOx than on the flat terrain. A representative cycle and emissions model are under development. These will be used to estimate the emissions and fuel economy on individual routes as well as the total on-road transit bus emissions in San Francisco.
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Authors
- Christie-Joy Brodrick - Institute of Transportation Studies, University of California-Davis
- Daniel Sperling - Institute of Transportation Studies, University of California-Davis
- Harry A. Dwyer - Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, University of California-Davis
- Christine Becker - Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, University of California-Davis
Topic
Citation
Brodrick, C., Sperling, D., Dwyer, H., and Becker, C., "Emissions from Conventional and Hybrid Electric Transit Buses Tested on Standard and San Francisco Specific Driving Cycles," SAE Technical Paper 2002-01-3117, 2002, https://doi.org/10.4271/2002-01-3117.Also In
References
- California Air Resources Board Public Transit Bus Fleet Rule Status Report 2001
- California Air Resources Board Heavy-Duty Emissions Laboratory 2001 Test Division Report 01-01
- Chatterjee Sougato Conway Ray Lanni Thomas Frank Brian Tang Shida Rosenblatt Deborah Bush Christopher Lowell Dana Evans James McLean Robert Levy Steven J. 2002 Performance and Durability Evaluation of Continuously Regenerating Particulate Traps on Diesel Powered Urban Buses at NY City Transit - Part II SAE 2002-01-0430
- Clark Nigel N. Xie Wenwei Gautam Mridul Lyons Donald W. Norton Paul Balon Thomas 2000 “Hybrid Diesel-Electric Heavy Duty Bus Emissions: Benefits Of Regeneration And Need For State Of Charge Correction.” SAE 2000-01-2955
- Lanni Thomas Chatterjee Sougato Conway Ray Windawi Hassan Rosenblatt Deborah Bush Christopher Lowell Dana Evans James McLean Robert 2001 “Performance and Durability Evaluation of Continuously Regenerating Particulate Traps on Diesel Powered Urban Buses at NY City Transit.” SAE 2001-01-0511
- McKain David L. Clark Nigel N. Balon Thomas H. Moynihan Paul J. Lynch Sheila A. Webb Thomas C. 2000 “Characterization of Emissions from Hybrid-Electric and Conventional Transit Buses.” SAE 2000-01-2011
- Northeast Advanced Vehicle Consortium (NAVC) 2000 Hybrid-Electric Drive Heavy-Duty Vehicle Testing Project Final Emissions Report
- Surface Vehicle Recommended Practice 2711-Draft April 2002