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Jet Fuel Low Temperature Operability
Technical Paper
2002-01-1650
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
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English
Abstract
Jet-A and Jet-A-1 have fueled commercial and military jets for decades. With -40°C and -47°C freeze point specifications respectively, Jet-A and Jet-A-1 have adequate low temperature operability for the current demands of jet-powered planes. However next generation military and commercial jet aircraft will need fuels with improved low temperature performance to reap the benefits of flying higher, longer and taking polar routes. The extreme cold these new routes will expose jet fuel to makes it necessary to have fuel that flows at much lower temperatures than is currently available.
Changing the jet fuel refining conditions can achieve the desired low temperature characteristics however this is very expensive. Further, the Military desires to obtain the same fuel performance worldwide regardless of the type of local jet fuel or local refining capability. keeping logistics and cost in mind, an appropriate low temperature operability additive dosed into locally available fuel is the best way to accomplish the enhanced low temperature properties.
Improving the operability performance of jet fuel has two hurdles to over come. First, there is no established operability test for jet fuel. Currently jet fuel only has freezing point and maximum viscosity at -20°C as its sole low temperature property specifications. Second, there are no established cold flow additives for use in jet fuel.
This paper shows how freezing point may not be a good indicator of jet fuel flow characteristics and how a developmental jet fuel operability test more accurately predicts the cold flow performance of jet fuel at extremely low temperatures. Also discussed is the testing of cold flow additives in jet fuel, how jet fuel differs from other middle distillate fuels, and why jet fuel additives differ from conventional middle distillate cold flow packages.
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Authors
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Citation
Manka, J., "Jet Fuel Low Temperature Operability," SAE Technical Paper 2002-01-1650, 2002, https://doi.org/10.4271/2002-01-1650.Also In
References
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- Standard Test Method For Freezing Point Of Aviation Fuels
- Obringer Cindy “Overview of JP8+100 Low Temperature Program” 2001 Coordinating Research Council, Aviation Meeting Low Temperature Flow Performance Group May 2001
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- Manka John S. Lindenfelser Eric A. Heller Fred E. “Using Cloud Point Depressants Opportunistically To Reduce No.2 Diesel Fuel Cloud Point Giveaway” Paper # 2001-01-1927 , Society Of Automotive Engineers, Fuels and lubes Meeting Orlando, Fl 2001
- Manka John S. Sopko Thomas M. “Cloud Point Depressants and Their Effect On Diesel Fuel Properties” Paper # 982575 , Society Of Automotive Engineers San Francisco, Ca 1998
- Manka John S. Ziegler Kim L. “Factors that Affect Crude Oil Pour Point Performance” Paper # 67329, Society Of Petroleum Engineers, Production and Operation Symposium Oklahoma City, OK 2001