This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Qualitative Laser-Induced Incandescence Measurements of Particulate Emissions During Transient Operation of a TDI Diesel Engine
Technical Paper
2001-01-3574
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Event:
Spring Fuels & Lubricants Meeting & Exhibition
SAE International Fall Fuels & Lubricants Meeting & Exhibition
Language:
English
Abstract
Laser-induced incandescence (LII) is a sensitive diagnostic technique capable of making exhaust particulate-matter measurements during transient operating conditions. This paper presents measurements of LII signals obtained from the exhaust gas of a 1.9-L TDI diesel engine. A scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) is used in fixed-size mode to obtain simultaneous number concentration measurements in real-time.
The transient studies presented include a cranking-start/idle/shutdown sequence, on/off cycling of EGR, and rapid load changes. The results show superior temporal response of LII compared to the SMPS. Additional advantages of LII are that exhaust dilution and cooling are not required, and that the signal amplitude is directly proportional to the carbon volume fraction and its temporal decay is related to the primary particle size.
Recommended Content
Topic
Citation
Axelsson, B. and Witze, P., "Qualitative Laser-Induced Incandescence Measurements of Particulate Emissions During Transient Operation of a TDI Diesel Engine," SAE Technical Paper 2001-01-3574, 2001, https://doi.org/10.4271/2001-01-3574.Also In
References
- Baumgard, K. J. Johnson, J. H. “The Effect of Fuel and Engine Design on Diesel Exhaust Particle Size Distributions,” SAE Paper No. 960131 1996
- Seinfeld, J. H. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics of Air Pollution John Wiley & Sons New York 59 68 1986
- Wainner, R. T. Seitzman, J. M. Martin. S. R. “Soot Measurements in a Simulated Engine Exhaust using Laser-Induced Incandescence,” AIAA J. 37 6 738 743 1999
- Weeks, R. W. Duley, W. W. “Aerosol-Particle Sizes from Light Emission During Excitation by TEA CO 2 Laser Pulses,” J. Appl. Phy. 45 4661 4662 1974
- Eckbreth, A. C. “Effects of Laser-Modulated Particulate Incandescence on Raman Scattering Diagnostics,” J. Appl. Phys. 48 11 4473 4479 1977
- Dec., J. E. zur Loye, A. O. Siebers, D. L. “Soot Distribution in a D. I. Diesel Engine Using 2-D Laser-Induced Incandescence Imaging,” SAE Paper No. 910224 1991
- Pinson, J. A. Mitchell, D. L. Santoro, R. J. Litzinger, T. A. “Quantitative, Planar Soot Measurements in a D.I. Diesel Engine Using Laser-Induced Incandescence and Light Scattering,” SAE Paper No. 932650 1993
- Fujimoto, H. Kurata, K. Asai, G. Senda, J. “OH Radical Generation and Soot Formation/Oxidation in DI Diesel Engine,” SAE Paper No. 982630 1998
- Inagaki, K. Takasu, S. Nakakita, K. “In-Cylinder Quantitative Soot Concentration Measurement by Laser-Induced Incandescence,” SAE Paper No. 1999-01-0508 1999
- Block, B. Oppermann, W. Budack, R. “Luminosity and Laser-Induced Incandescence Investigations on a DI Gasoline Engine,” SAE Paper No. 2000-01-2903 2000
- Case, M. E. Hofeldt, D. L. “Soot Mass Concentration Measurements in Diesel Engine Exhaust Using Laser-Induced Incandescence,” Aerosol Sci. and Tech. 25 46 60 1996
- Schraml, S. Will, S. Leipertz, A. “Simultaneous Measurement of Soot Mass Concentration and Primary Particle Size in the Exhaust of a DI Engine by Time-Resolved Laser-Induced Incandescence (TIRE-LII),” SAE Paper No. 1999-01-0146 1999
- Snelling, D. R. Smallwood, G. J. Sawchuk, R. A. Neill, W. S. Gareau, D. Clavel, D. J. Chippior, W. L. Liu, F. Gülder, Ö. L. Bachalo, W. D. “In-Situ Real-Time Characterization of Particulate Emissions from a Diesel Engine Exhaust by Laser-Induced Incandescence,” SAE Paper No. 2000-01-1994 2000
- Dasch, C. J. “New Soot Diagnostics in Flames Based on Laser Vaporization of Soot,” Twentieth Symposium (International) on Combustion The Combustion Institute 1231 1237 1984
- Witze, P. O. Hochgreb, S. Kayes, D. Michelsen, H. A. Shaddix, C. R. “Time-Resolved Laser-Induced Incandescence and Laser Elastic Scattering Measurements in a Propane Diffusion Flame,” Appl. Opt. 2001
- Ni, T. Pinson, J. A. Gupta, S. Santoro, R. J. “Two-Dimensional Imaging of Soot Volume Fraction by the Use of Laser-Induced Incandescence,” Appl. Opt. 34 30 7083 7091 1995
- Tait, N. P. Greenhalgh, D. A. “PLIF Imaging of Fuel Fraction in Practical Devices and LII Imaging of Soot,” Ber. Bunsenges. Phys. Chem. 97 12 1619 1625 1993
- Vander Wal, R. L. Jensen, K. A. “Laser-Induced Incandescence: Excitation Intensity,” Appl. Opt. 37 9 1607 1616 1998
- Snelling, D. R. Smallwood, G. J. Gülder, Ö. L. “Absolute Intensity Measurements in Laser Induced Incandescence,” 2000
- Köylü, Ü. Ö. “Quantitative Analysis of In Situ Optical Diagnostics for Inferring Particle/Aggregate Parameters in Flames: Implications for Soot Surface Growth and Total Emissivity,” Comb. & Flame 109 488 500 1996
- Maricq, M. M. Chase, R. E. Podsiadlik, D. H. Vogt, R. “Vehicle Exhaust Particle Size Distributions: A Comparison of Tailpipe and Dilution Tunnel Measurements,” SAE Paper No. 1999-01-1461 1999
- Witze, P. O. “Qualitative Laser-Induced Incandescence Measurements of Soot Emissions During Transient Operation of a Port Fuel-Injected Engine,” International Symposium COMODIA 2001
- Kittelson, D. B. Ambs, J. L. Hadjkacem, H. “Particulate Emissions from Diesel Engines: Influence of In-Cylinder Surface,” SAE Paper No. 900645 1990
- Burtscher, H. Siegmann, H. C. “Monitoring PAH-Emissions from Combustion Processes by Photoelectric Charging,” Combust. Sci. and Tech. 101 327 332 1994
- Burtscher, H. “Characterization of Ultrafine Particle Emissions from Combustion Systems,” SAE Paper No. 2000-01-1997 2000
- Zhao, H. Lowry, G. Ladommatos, N. SAE Paper No. 961168 1996
- Kato, S. Takayama, Y. Sato, G. T. Tanabe, H. “Investigation of Particulate Formation of DI Diesel Engine with Direct Sampling from Combustion Chamber,” SAE Paper 972969 1997
- Pungs, A. Pischinger, S. Bäcker, H. Lepperhoff, G. “Analysis of the Particle Size Distribution in the Cylinder of a Common Rail DI Diesel Engine during Combustion and Expansion,” SAE Paper No. 2000-01-1999 2000
- Arcoumanis, C Megaritis, A. “Real-Time Measurement of Particulate Emissions in a Turbocharged DI Diesel Engine,” SAE Paper No. 922390 1992
- Jones, B. L. Stollery, D. J. Clifton, J. M. Wylie, T. F. SAE Paper 970748 1997
- Lu, J-H. Lee, H-R. Liou, C-C. Szu, C-T. “Diesel Engine Smoke Measurements in the Rapid Acceleration Test,” SAE Paper 980411 1998
- Sun, J. H. Chan, S. H. “A Time-Resolved Measurement Technique for Particulate Number Density in Diesel Exhaust Using a Fast-Response Flame Ionization Detector,” Meas. Sci. Technol. 8 279 286 1997
- Kawai, T. Iuchi, Y. Nakamura, S. Ishida, K. “Real Time Analysis of Particulate Matter by Flame Ionization Detection,” SAE Paper No. 980048 1998
- Fukushima, H. Asano, I. Nakamura, S. Ishida, K. “Signal Processing and Practical Performance of a Real-Time PM Analyzer Using Fast FIDs,” SAE Paper No. 2000-01-1135 2000
- Ahlvik, P. Ntziachristos, L Keskinen, J. Virtanen, A. “Real Time Measurements of Diesel Particle Size Distribution with an Electrical Low Pressure Impactor,” SAE Paper No. 980410 1998
- Khalek, I. A. “Characterization of Particle Size Distribution of a Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine During FTP Transient Cycle Using ELPI,” SAE Paper No. 2000-01-2001 2000
- Pattas, K. Kyriakis, N. Samaras, Z. Pistikopoulos, P. Ntziachristos, L. “Effect of DPF on Particulate Size Distribution Using an Electrical Low Pressrue Impactor,” SAE Paper 980544 1998
- Okrent, D. A. “Optimization of a Third Generation TEOM Monitor for Measuring Diesel Particulate in Real-Time,” SAE Paper No. 980409 1998
- Kayes, D. Liu, H. Hochgreb, S. “Particulate Matter Emission During Start-up and Transient Operation of a Spark-Ignition Engine,” SAE Paper No. 1999-01-3529 1999
- Kayes, D. Hochgreb, S. Maricq, M. M. Podsiadlik, D. H. Chase, R. E. “Particulate Matter Emission During Start-up and Transient Operation of a Spark-Ignition Engine (2): Effect of speed, Load, and Real-World Driving Cycles,” SAE Paper No. 2000-01-1083 2000
- Maricq, M. M. Podsiadlik, D. H. Chase, R. E. “Examination of the Size-Resolved and Transient Nature of Motor Vehicle Particle Emissions,” Environ. Sci. Technol. 33 1618 1626 1999
- Matter, U. Siegmann Burtscher, H. “Dynamic Field Measurements of Submicron Particles from Diesel Engines,” Environ. Sci. Technol. 33 1946 1952 1999
- Kasper, M. Matter, U. Burtscher, H. “NanoMet: On-line Characterization of Nanoparticle Size and Composition,” SAE Paper No. 2000-01-1998 2000
- Moosmüller, H. Arnott, W. P. Rogers, C. F. Bowen, J. L. Gillies, J. A. Pierson, W. R. Collins, J. F. Durbin, T. D. Norbeck, J. M. “Time Resolved Characterization of Diesel Particulate Emissions. 1. Instruments for Particle Mass Measurement,” Environ. Sci. Technol. 35 781 787 2001
- Cheung, S. K. Elder, S. T. Raine, R. R. “Diesel Particulate Measurements with a Light Scattering Photometer,” SAE Paper No. 2000-01-1136 2000
- Hunt, A. J. Quinby-Hunt, M. S. Sheperd, I. G. “Diesel Exhaust Particle Characterization by Polarized Light Scattering,” SAE Paper No. 982629 1998
- Schraml, S. Will, S. Leipertz, A. Zens, T. D'Alfonso, N. “Performance Characteristics of TIRE-LII Soot Diagnostics in Exhaust Gases of Diesel Engines,” SAE Paper No. 2000-01-2002 2000
- Schraml, S. Heimgärtner, C. Will, S. Leipertz, A. Hemm, A. “Application of a New Soot Sensor for Exhaust Emission Control Based on Time Resolved Laser Induced Incandescence (TIRE-LII),” SAE Paper No. 2000-01-2864 2000