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The CHANDRA X-Ray Observatory: Thermal Design, Verification, and Early Orbit Experience
Technical Paper
2000-01-2373
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
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English
Abstract
The CHANDRA X-ray Observatory (formerly AXAF), one of NASA's “Great Observatories” was launched aboard the Shuttle in July 1999. CHANDRA comprises a grazing-incidence X-ray telescope of unprecedented focal length, collecting area and angular resolution - better than two orders of magnitude improvement in imaging performance over any previous soft X-ray (0.1-10 keV) mission. Two focal-plane instruments, one with a 150°K passively-cooled detector, provide celestial X-ray images and spectra.
Thermal control of CHANDRA includes active systems for the telescope mirror and environment and the optical bench, and largely passive systems for the focal plane instruments. Performance testing of these thermal control systems required 1-1/2 years at increasing levels of integration, culminating in thermal-balance testing of the fully-configured observatory during the summer of 1998. This paper outlines details of thermal design tradeoffs and methods for both the Observatory and the two focal-plane instruments, the thermal verification philosophy of the Chandra program (what to test and at what level), and summarizes the results of the instrument, optical system and observatory testing.
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Boyd, D., Freeman, M., and Lynch, N., "The CHANDRA X-Ray Observatory: Thermal Design, Verification, and Early Orbit Experience," SAE Technical Paper 2000-01-2373, 2000, https://doi.org/10.4271/2000-01-2373.Also In
References
- Nicolle Lynch, Boyd David Freeman Mark “Precollimators: Passive On-orbit Control for Space-Based Telescope Apertures,” SAE Technical Paper 972470 1997
- Mark Freeman, Boyd David Lynch Nicolle “Thermal Effects on Imaging Performance of the AXAF Telescope,” SAE Technical Paper 972472 1997
- David Boyd, Ousley Wes The Submillimeter-Wave Astronomy Satellite; On-orbit Thermal Performance and Design Retrospective SAE Technical Paper 1999-01-1940 1999