This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Characterization of Snowmobile Particulate Emissions
Technical Paper
2000-01-2003
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
The primary goal of this project was to characterize particulate emissions from a snowmobile engine through measurement of particulate matter volatile organic fraction (VOF), particle size, and biological activity. Emissions were evaluated using both a mineral oil and a biosynthetic oil. Basic criteria pollutants were also measured from diluted exhaust using conventional techniques. Particulate matter volatile organic fraction was determined using a gas chromatographic method (DFI/GC). Particle size was characterized using a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS), and particulate matter biological activity was measured using a modification of the Ames bioassay procedure.
Results revealed that more than 99 percent of the particles were ultrafine (Dp<100nm), with a peak concentration in the nanoparticle (Dp<50nm) size range. It was also observed that the use of a biosynthetic lubricant increased both volatile and total PM mass emissions compared to the mineral lubricant. Bioassay results showed that snowmobile particulate is mutagenic.
Recommended Content
Authors
Topic
Citation
Carroll, J., White, J., Khalek, I., and Kado, N., "Characterization of Snowmobile Particulate Emissions," SAE Technical Paper 2000-01-2003, 2000, https://doi.org/10.4271/2000-01-2003.Also In
Particle Size Distribution in the Exhaust of Diesel and Gasoline Engines
Number: SP-1552; Published: 2000-06-19
Number: SP-1552; Published: 2000-06-19
References
- White, J.J. Carroll, J.N. Haines, H.E. “Emissions from Snowmobile Engines Using Bio-Based Fuels and Lubricants,” SAE 972108 JSAE 9734412 Yokohama Japan October 1997
- California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 1995 and Later Small Off-Road Engines March 23 1999
- Wright, C.W. White, J.J. “Development and Validation of a Snowmobile Engine Emission Test Procedure SAE 982017 Milwaukee, Wisconsin September
- Sakai, T. et al “O-PM/Emitted Matters Caused by Two-Stroke Engine Oil and Its Reduction,” SAE 1999-01-3260 Madison, Wisconsin September 1999
- Khalek, I.A. Kittelson, D.B. Brear, F. “Influence of Dilution Condition on Diesel Exhaust Particle Size Distribution Measurements,” SAE 1999-01-1142 1999
- Ames, B.N. et al “Methods for Detecting Carcinogens and Mutagens with the Salmonella/Mammalian Microsome Mutagenicity Test,” Mutation Research 31 347 364 1975
- Kado, N.Y. et al “A Simple Modification of the Salmonella Liquid Incubation Assay Increased Sensitivity for Detecting Mutagens in Human Urine,” Mutation Research 121 25 32 1983
- Khalek, I.A. Kittleson, D.B. Graskow, B.R. Wei, Q. Brear, F. 1998 “Diesel Exhaust Particle Size: Measurement Issues and Trends SAE 98P-353