This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Analysis of Semivolatile Organic Compounds in Diesel Exhaust Using a Novel Sorption and Extraction Method
Technical Paper
1999-01-3534
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
As interest has grown in diesel emissions and diesel engine aftertreatment, so has the importance of analyzing all components of the exhaust. One of the more costly and difficult measurements to make is the collection and analysis of semivolatile organic compounds (SOCs) in the exhaust. These compounds include alkane and alkenes from C12-C24, and the 2-5 ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). These compounds can be present in both the particulate (i.e. on the filter) and gaseous phase, and cannot be collected with bag samples. Typically, a sorbent is used downstream of the particulate collection filters to collect these compounds. Sorbent phases include polyurethane foam (PUF), Tenax™, XAD-type resins, and activated carbon. The SOCs are removed from the sorbent either by solvent extraction (PUF and XAD) or thermal desorption (Tenax™ and activated carbon). Each of these methods have advantages and disadvantages. We report here on the use of special solid phase extraction (SPE) disks as a new sorbent phase. While commonly used for pre-concentration of trace compounds in aqueous samples, the SPE disks have never been applied to exhaust sampling. These disks offer the high throughput advantages of PUF without the large solvent volumes needed for preparation and extraction. Bench experiments with trace gases as well as exhaust studies are presented. Hydrocarbon compounds as volatile as decane demonstrated minimal breakthrough. Solvent volumes are typically 1/100 of the amount required to use PUFs. In addition, no special equipment is required to adopt the method.
Recommended Content
Authors
Citation
Storey, J., Domingo, N., Lewis, S., and Irick, D., "Analysis of Semivolatile Organic Compounds in Diesel Exhaust Using a Novel Sorption and Extraction Method," SAE Technical Paper 1999-01-3534, 1999, https://doi.org/10.4271/1999-01-3534.Also In
References
- Westerholm, R. N. Almen, J. Li, H. Rannug, J. U. Egeback, K. E. Gragg, K. 1991 “Chemical and Biological Characterization of Particulate-, Semi-Volatile-, Gas-Phase-Associated Compounds in Diluted Heavy-Duty Diesel Exhausts: a comparison of Three Different Semivolatile-Phase samplers.”.” Environ. Sci. Tech. 25 2 332 338
- Gautam, M. Kelly, B. Gupta, D. Clark, N. Atkinson, R. El-Gazzar, L. Lyons, D. W. 1994 “Sampling Strategies for Characterization of the Reactive Components of Heavy Duty Diesel Exhaust Emissions.” SAE 942262 Society of Automotive Engineers 1994
- Hammerle, R. H. Ketcher, D. A. Horrocks, R. W. Lepperhoff, G. Huthwohl, G. Luers, B. 1994 “Emissions from Current Diesel Vehicles.” SAE 942043 Society of Automotive Engineers 1994
- Lepperhoff, G. Huthwohl, G. Luers-Jongen, B. Hammerle, R. H. 1994 “Methods to Analyze Non-Regulated Emissions from Diesel Engines.” SAE 941952 Society of Automotive Engineers 1994
- Swarin, S. J. Loo, J. F. Drouillard, M. S. Chladek, E. Tejada, S. B. 1992 “Improved Emissions Speciation Methodology for the Auto/Oil Air Quality Improvement Research Program -II. Aldehydes, Ketones, and Alcohols.”.” SAE 920321 Society of Automotive Engineers 1992
- Siegl, W. O. Richert, J. F. O. Jensen, T. E. Schuetzle, D. Swarin, S. J. Loo, J. F. Prostak, A. Nagy, D. Schlenker, A. M. 1993 “Improved Emissions Speciation Methodology for Phase II of the Auto/Oil Air Quality Improvement Research Program. Hydrocarbons and Oxygenates.” SAE 930142 Society of Automotive Engineers 1993
- Hammerle, R. H. Siegl, W. O. Herrmann, H. M. Wenclawiak, B. W. 1995 “A Method for the Speciation of Diesel Fuel and the Semi-Volatile Hydrocarbon Fraction of Diesel-Fueled Vehicle Exhaust Emissions.” SAE 952353 Society of Automotive Engineers 1995
- Hagen, D. F. Markell, C. G. Schmitt, G. A. Blevins, D. D. 1990 “Membrane Approach to Solid-Phase Extractions.” Anal. Chim. Acta 236 157 164
- Mayer, M. L. Poole, C. F. 1994 “Identification of the Procedural Steps that Affect Recovery of Semi-Volatile Compounds by Solid Phase Extraction using Cartridge and Particle-loaded Membrane (disk) Devices.” Anal. Chim. Acta 294 113 126
- Pankow, J. F. Luo, W. Isabelle, L. M. Hart, K. M. Hagen, D. F. 1996 “Gas-solid Retention Volumes of Organic Compounds on Styrene-divinylbenzene and Ethylvinylbenzene-divinylbenzene Copolymer Sorbent Beads.” J. Chromatog. A 732 317 326