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Energy Method for Controlling a Traction Electric Drive
Abstract:
The aim of this study was to develop algorithms for controlling an automobile
electric drive based on the equations for the instantaneous balance of the
active and reactive power of induction (IM) and synchronous machines (SM). We
considered the information properties of the first harmonics of the three-phase
voltage between the inverter and electrical machines. Our examination showed
that processing the primary data of current and voltage sensors according to the
algorithms of the generalized energy flow allows us to obtain complete
information on the parameters of the three-phase circuit in the form of
generalized state variables. We further investigated the metrological support of
a traction electric drive, which makes it possible to complete a wide range of
control, diagnostics, protection, and backup tasks. We present energy models of
IMs and SMs obtained by summing the instantaneous power of the individual phases
into a single energy stream. We show that taking the impact of the magnetic
field energy (magnetization energy) and the kinetic energy of the load into
account allows us to analyze the dynamics of electrical machines as second- and
third-order nonlinear control objects. The article contains a general solution
of the algorithms for controlling the basic variables of electrical machines:
the amplitude of a three-phase voltage and the electromagnetic moment. The
analytical equations of the algorithms are presented as the sum of two terms:
the first accounts for the dynamics of the mechanical load and the second for
the dynamics of the electromagnetic system of electrical machines. This article
provides a brief review of our publications containing the results of adapting
the general solution in accordance with the criteria of energy efficiency,
quasi-independent excitation and minimizing the electrical heating of the IM
rotor, and adaptive control of the SM. We detail an innovative strategy for
controlling a traction electric drive based on the use of the energy models of
IMs and SMs.