Cyberattacks and Countermeasures for Intelligent and Connected Vehicles

ICVs are expected to make the transportation safer, cleaner, and more comfortable in the near future. However, the trend of connectivity has greatly increased the attack surfaces of vehicles, which makes in-vehicle networks more vulnerable to cyberattacks which then causes serious security and safety issues. In this article, we therefore systematically analyzed cyberattacks and corresponding countermeasures for in-vehicle networks of intelligent and connected vehicles (ICVs). Firstly, we analyzed the security risk of ICVs and proposed an in-vehicle network model from a hierarchical point of view. Then, we discussed possible cyberattacks at each layer of proposed network model. After that, we provided an overview of the state of the art of the potential countermeasures against cyberattacks, such as secure hardware architecture, encryption and authentication, network firewall, intrusion detection system, and secure Firmware over the air (FOTA), and then a reasonable defense mechanism is proposed. At last, some challenges and future works related to cyberattacks against ICVs were discussed. This article aims to review the cyberattacks for ICVs and suggest comprehensive security countermeasures.