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Behavior of Particulate Matter Emissions in a Dual-Fuel Engine
Journal Article
04-16-02-0011
ISSN: 1946-3952, e-ISSN: 1946-3960
Sector:
Topic:
Citation:
Barman, J. and Deshmukh, D., "Behavior of Particulate Matter Emissions in a Dual-Fuel Engine," SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr. 16(2):145-153, 2023, https://doi.org/10.4271/04-16-02-0011.
Language:
English
Abstract:
Particulate matter (PM) emission from an internal combustion engine has an
adverse impact on human health and the environment. Dual-fuel combustion with a
homogeneous mixture like in a gasoline engine and compression ignition like in a
diesel engine has the potential to reduce PM, nitrogen oxides (NO
x
), and other emissions from engines. The study presents an experimental
investigation into a four-cylinder compression ignition engine with high and low
reactivity fuel to understand soot formation in terms of PM, particle number
(PN), and composition. The effect of dual fuel, injection pressure, exhaust gas
recirculation (EGR), and sulfur content on soot emission is presented. The soot
and NO
x
emissions decrease with the increase in the gasoline percentage in the
dual fuel. A reduction in soot of up to 30% is observed for a 75% gasoline
content. NO
x
emission is reduced by 15% for a 50% gasoline content and reduced
further by 10% by increasing the gasoline content to 75%. The dual fuel with 85%
gasoline has a 0.08 filter smoke number (FSN) for smoke and NO
x
of 4.74 g/kWhr, significantly lower compared to conventional diesel
engine operation. An increase in gasoline reduces both particle diameter and
particle concentration. The PN and size move from the accumulation mode to the
nuclei mode with the increase in gasoline content. The filter paper analysis
shows that the hydrocarbon (HC) fraction in soot increases for higher gasoline
percentages. The use of dual fuel has the potential for simultaneous reduction
in soot and NO
x
emissions and reduces the aftertreatment cost for a diesel engine.