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Experimental Evaluation of Pilot and Main Injection Strategies on Gasoline Compression Ignition Engine—Part 2: Performance and Emissions Characteristics
- Avinash Kumar Agarwal - Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Engine Research Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, India ,
- Vishnu Singh Solanki - Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Engine Research Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, India ,
- M. Krishnamoorthi - Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Engine Research Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, India
Journal Article
03-16-06-0047
ISSN: 1946-3936, e-ISSN: 1946-3944
Sector:
Topic:
Citation:
Agarwal, A., Solanki, V., and Krishnamoorthi, M., "Experimental Evaluation of Pilot and Main Injection Strategies on Gasoline Compression Ignition Engine—Part 2: Performance and Emissions Characteristics," SAE Int. J. Engines 16(6):833-852, 2023, https://doi.org/10.4271/03-16-06-0047.
Language:
English
Abstract:
Internal combustion (IC) engines play an important role in the global economy by
powering various transport applications. However, it is a leading cause of urban
air pollution; therefore, new combustion strategies are being developed to
control emissions. One promising advanced low-temperature combustion (LTC)
technology is gasoline compression ignition (GCI). This experimental study
assesses the performance of a two-cylinder engine, emissions, and exhaust
particulate characteristics using G80 (80% v/v gasoline and 20% v/v diesel)
blend operating in GCI mode vis-à-vis baseline conventional diesel combustion
(CDC) mode using diesel. The effects of double pilot injection, Pilot-1
proportion (10–30%), and main injection timing were investigated on the GCI
combustion. Experiments were performed at different engine loads (3, 4, and 5
bar brake mean effective pressure [BMEP]) at a constant engine speed (2000 rpm).
GCI combustion showed higher brake thermal efficiency (BTE) than CDC mode at
medium loads. Hydrocarbon (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions increased in
GCI mode, but oxides of nitrogen (NOx) were reduced than the baseline CDC mode.
High pilot ratio and late main injection timing tests showed higher HC and CO
emissions in the GCI mode at low engine loads. The GCI mode engine emitted
higher nucleation mode particles and nanoparticles than baseline CDC mode at
high engine loads. Using a triple injection strategy, GCI engines simultaneously
reduced NOx and particulate matter (PM) emissions, especially at high loads.
Controlling these emissions in baseline CDC mode engines is otherwise quite
challenging.