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Data-Driven Near-Optimal On-Line Control for an Electrically Heated Catalyst-Equipped Gasoline Engine
Journal Article
03-16-03-0019
ISSN: 1946-3936, e-ISSN: 1946-3944
Sector:
Topic:
Citation:
Vilwanathan Velmurugan, D., McKelvey, T., and Olsson, J., "Data-Driven Near-Optimal On-Line Control for an Electrically Heated Catalyst-Equipped Gasoline Engine," SAE Int. J. Engines 16(3):335-346, 2023, https://doi.org/10.4271/03-16-03-0019.
Language:
English
Abstract:
An integrated electrically heated catalyst (EHC) in the three-way catalyst (TWC)
of a gasoline internal combustion engine (ICE) is a promising technology to
reduce engine cold-start pollutant emissions. Pre-heating the TWC ensures
earlier catalyst light-off of a significant portion of the TWC. In such a case,
the engine could readily be operated in a fuel-optimal manner since the engine
cold-start emission is efficiently treated by the warmed-up EHC-equipped TWC.
Pre-heating the EHC is an effective way to reduce cold-start emissions, among
other possible EHC strategies. However, it might not always be possible to use
pre-heating if the engine-start time is uncertain. In such a case, pre-heating
can be started when the engine start is known with greater confidence and
post-heating the catalyst could be followed. It would then be natural to turn
off the EHC when the payoff for the electrical energy spent is no longer
effective in engine cold-start emission reduction. The point in time at which to
stop the EHC thus needs to be controlled. A model-free on-line adaptive
controller aimed at minimizing the total equivalent emission is proposed, which
is based on a set of pre-computed look-up optimum EHC stop times for the various
possible fuel consumption trajectories. Compared to the theoretically optimal
controller, the proposed controller gives a penalty of about 1% emission-based
cost. A simulation framework for cold-start control and equivalent emission
metric developed earlier are used in conjunction with a validation proposal to
compare the performance of the candidate controllers.